【作者】 刘琴；

【导师】 孙辉；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着植被破坏、生境破碎化和减少，以及市场产品的不断开发和经济利益驱动，高寒区野生药用资源植物羌活属两个种即羌活(Notopterygium incisum)和宽叶羌活(N．forbesii)野生种群受到严重破坏。由于生理生态和土壤学等基础研究的匮乏，制约着这两种资源植物的人工引种栽培，因此目前仍然采挖残存的野生资源，致使其濒临灭绝威胁。为这两种资源植物的引种驯化及质量控制提供理论依据和实践指导，本研究主要从野生种群的环境土壤学、栽培过程生长规律、光合作用规律及其主要环境因子的影响等方面开展了研究，并得到以下几个方面的结论。 1、就环境土壤学的研究结果而言，在土壤肥力方面，宽叶羌活土壤有机质含量比羌活低，然而水解性氮及有效磷平均含量却比羌活高，而且比羌活更稳定，这主要是由于二者水解性氮素及有效磷来源的不同。 交换性盐基方面，羌活分布土壤中交换性钙、镁的含量较宽叶羌活高，这可能是因为羌活分布土壤中有机质含量尤其是腐殖质含量高。但宽叶羌活分布土壤中交换性钾的含量总体来看比羌活高，且变幅较大。 微量元素方面，羌活、宽叶羌活以及羌活的不同羌活药材形态之间的土壤中微量元素存在较大差异。土壤中微量元素含量是影响羌活药材形态和品质的关键因素。羌活药材中微量元素含量与生长年限及周围微环境有关。 重金属方面，根据国家土壤环境质量标准分级，样品中重金属含量多属于一级标准，表明羌活对生长的土壤条件要求很高。羌活药材中重金属含量主要是Cr、Cd和As，其中未检测出Hg和Pb。药材中重金属含量的高低与分布土壤中背景值高低密切相关，也受药材本身的生长年限影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two wild medicinal resource plants, Notopterygium incisum and N. forbeii, have to be faced with more and more serious over-exploitation under the pressure of population and economy development owing to wild resource collection, vegetation destruction, habitat fragmatation, and lands reclamation. The short growth phase and long growth cycle in plateau regions with high altitude and cold weather of two species make this crisis more rigorous. Lack of basic studies, such as physiological and ecological conditions, restricts naturalization and cultivation of these two species. Medicinal materials still have to rely on wild resource collection, which makes the two plants extinction in some areas. In order to explore the theories and methods for naturalization and cultivation practices, studies on environmental soil science under wild condition, and growth and photosynthesis rules under the cultivation conditions, as well as influence factors have been carried out. The major results are showed as follows.1. With respect to fertility of soil, the soil organic matter content of N. forbesii is lower than that of N. incusium. However, soil available nitrogen and phosphorus of forbesii are both higher than those of incisum. .With regard to soil exchangeable base cations, the soil exchangeable Ca and Mg of N. incusium are higer than those of N. forbesii, which is resulted from high content of organic matter, especially the humus, in soil of N. incusium. Generally, the soil of N. forbesii is characterized by higher exchangeable K.With respect to soil microelements, microelements concentrations in plants vary更多还原