【作者】 李建军；

【导师】 魏东；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 自首制度是我国刑法所规定的一项重要的量刑制度。该项制度的设置，对于鼓励犯罪人犯罪后改过自新、分化瓦解共同犯罪人、最大限度地节约国家有限的司法资源，正在发挥着积极重大的作用。但是，任何制度的设置不可能尽善尽美，总会存在这样或者那样的不足，因此如何最大限度地发挥出自首制度的正面效应、抑止其负面效应，这显然是一个实践意义十分重大的课题。 为了更好地探讨这个课题，本文作者首先从源头入手，详细研讨了自首的概念和本质，认为自首的概念在形式上只包含了两个要件，但是实质上理应包含了三个要件：自动投案、如实供述自己的罪行、接收国家的审查和裁判。自首的本质是自动归案，这是其区别于其他刑罚裁量制度的显著特征所在。 接下来，作者用四章的篇幅具体探讨了自首的认定，这是该篇论文的主体部分。按照现行法律的规定，自首可以分为三种类型：一般自首、余罪自首(也有人称之为准自首)、特别自首。三种类型的自首既有本质上的共同性，也有具体构成要件上的特殊性；其中争论最激烈、认定最复杂的当属一般自首：例如投案时间的界定、投案对象的范围、投案方式的具体表现、投案自动性的认定……等等，其中投案自动性的认定尤为复杂，必须结合法律的具体规定和行为人在案发后的客观表现加以综合分析、判断，才能最终确定。笔者对此进行了详尽的研讨。在余罪自首的认定中，如何界定主体范围，如何理解“司法机关还未掌握”，以及如何理解“其他罪行”的范围，是否包括同种罪行，这些问题也是理论界和实务界争论比较集中的地方。关于特别自首的认定，较为简单，该类型自首规定在刑法分则之中，针对三种具体犯罪(对公司和企业人员行贿更多还原

【Abstract】 Surrender system is an important provisions of our criminal law system of sentencing . The system set up for encouraging the rehabilitation of perpetrators of crime, common crime isolation, limited the maximum savings national judicial resources, is playing an active major role. However, any installation can not be perfect system, the existence of such associations, or less than, and therefore how to maximize the positive effects from the system, go its negative effects, which is obviously a topic of great significance in practice.To better explore this topic, the authors first start at the source, elaborated on the concept and nature of surrender, that the concept of surrender in form only contains two elements, but in essence it consists of three elements : automatic when, truthfully confessed her crimes, receiving countries review and decision. The essence is automatically brought up, which is distinguished from its other notable features of the system is at the discretion of the host.Next, the authors used four chapters explore the specific length of the surrender that is the papers of the main parts. Under current law, who can be divided into three types : general surrender, Surrendered to the remaining crimes (which was also known as Prospective surrender), Special surrender. Three types of surrender both nature of commonality, there are specific elements of a special nature ;These arguments most intense, that the most complex shows that the general surrender, surrender of time defining, when the object scope, the specific manner when更多还原