【作者】 曾华；

【导师】 许唯临；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对收缩式消能工的应用和发展进行了回顾,对各种体型的宽尾墩进行了总结。通过试验对常规、X型、V型宽尾墩的水力特性进行了较为系统地研究,主要内容和研究成果如下:1.常规宽尾墩冲击区比较集中,消力池底板最大时均动压始终比较小,在消力池末段,压力值沿程变化不大。在多数工况下,峰值区较为坦化,峰值区前后压强衰减较快。在相同的堰顶水头下,随着下游水深的增加,其时均动压改变不大,受下游水垫波动的影响不明显。2. X型宽尾墩由于下部水舌的顶托作用,消力池底板最大时均动压小,峰值区坦化,X型宽尾墩对水流起挑作用不大,水舌直接跌落在消力池首部,所以峰值区位于消力池前部和反弧段处,时均动压在横向上的分布趋势与常规和V型相反,类似正弦曲线。3.低V型宽尾墩在较小的下泄流量下,纵向扩散程度与高V型宽尾墩相当,但是对下游底板的冲击动压要小。而在较大的泄流量情况下,随着下游水垫的增深,冲击射流在消力池由于强烈的剪切,紊动和掺气作用,水舌在到达底板的过程中能量逐渐衰减,从而更有效地减轻下泄水舌对水垫塘底板的冲击压力,由此可见,V型宽尾墩的冲击压力对水垫变化比较敏感。4.常规宽尾墩的临底流速大小介于V型宽尾墩和X型宽尾墩之间。流速更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the experimental studies on different faring gate piers were done systematically. The application and development of energy dissipaters are also reviewed. Based on a flume experiment, the influences of the height of outlet change on the portrait diffusion and time-average pressure in the plunge pool are analyzed. Some experimental results were obtained and discussed. The principal content and achievement are concluded as following:The impinging area of general faring gate piers is concentrated. At the end of stilling basin, time-average pressures change a little along with the channel. Under the condition of same water head, with as downstream water level increasing, time-average pressure alters little. It’s obvious that time-average pressure is insensitive to the change of downstream water level.The nappe passing faring gate piers flatten gradually before entering into stilling basin, so impinging area separate accordingly. The maximum axis time-average pressure resulting from V-shape flaring gate pier is superior to that of general faring gate piers.When the discharge is small, the vertical diffusion resulting from low flaring gate pier with V-type is almost as the same as low ones, but the time-average pressure in stilling basin is lower than the higher. In the condition of large discharge, as downstream water level increasing, the energy of nappe attenuate gradually in the更多还原