【作者】 彭巧玲；

【导师】 聂刘旺；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文由文献综述和研究报告两部分组成一、文献综述动物线粒体基因组是共价闭合的双链DNA,长度在16.5 kb左右,在新陈代谢、细胞程序性死亡、疾病、衰老等过程中具有重要作用。线粒体基因组结构简单,呈母系遗传,广泛用于分析动物和动物类群间的系统关系。龟鳖类是形态学上最特化的一支爬行动物,近年来,以mtDNA为对象研究龟鳖类系统进化被研究者们广泛采用。目前,已测定18种龟鳖类动物的线粒体基因组全序列,这18种动物中,侧颈龟亚目仅1种,曲颈龟亚目17种,涉及到5个科:陆龟科10种,鳖科2种,淡水龟科2种,龟科、平胸龟科和海龟科各1种。除中国平胸龟和扁陆龟外,其余16种龟鳖类动物的mtDNA的基因排布方式都与大多数脊椎动物的相同,非常保守。二、研究论文1.将已测定的马来亚鳖、绿海龟、锦龟3个近源物种的线粒体基因组全序列进行软件比较分析后,用Oligo6.0软件设计可覆盖中华鳖线粒体全基因组的引物17对,采用PCR产物直接测序法测得了中华鳖线粒体基因组全序列。初步分析了其基因组特点和各基因的定位,用pDRAW32软件预测了12种限制性酶对其的酶切图谱。结果表明,中华鳖线粒体基因组全长17 364 bp,碱基组成为35.23%A、27.26% T、25.73% C、11.78% G,包括13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区,其GenBank登录号为NC₀06132。基于线粒体基因组编码的13个蛋白质的氨更多还原

【Abstract】 The present thesis includes two parts:Part I: ReviewsIn animals, mtDNA is generally a 15²0 kb circular genome containing 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes, as well as a control region. In recent years, mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） has been widely used as a useful marker system in numerous phylogenetic analyses of vertebrate relationships because of its maternal mode of inheritance and relative lack of recombination. Turtles have highly specialized morphological characteristics, with approximately 270 species in the world. To date, complete mt genomes have been determined for only 18 species, including 17 cryptodiran turtles and a side-necked turtle. Except for Malacochersus tornieri and Platysternon megacephalum, oganizations and gene orders of mitochondrial genomes in the other 16 turtles were identical to that of typical vertebratesPart II: StudiesThe complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese softshell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis was obtained by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments of 17 pairs of primers designed on the basis of mtDNA sequences of three related turtle species. The entire genome was 17 364 base pairs in length, with a gene content of 13 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes, and order identical to that observed in most other vertebrates. Those genes are arranged compactly with no introns and few intergenic nucleotides. The tRNAGln, tRNAAla, tRNAAsn, tRNACys, tRNATyr, tRNASer （CUN）, tRNAGlu, tRNAPro and ND6 genes are encoded on the light strand, and the remainder on the heavy strand. The overall base composition was 35.23%A, 27.26%T, 25.73%C, 11.78%G. The sequence was submitted to GenBank under a accession number: NC₀06132. Based on the concatenated sequences of 13 inferred amino acid of protein-coding genes, the更多还原