【作者】 王春景；

【导师】 周守标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工农业生产的发展,各种污染物排放量的不断增加,水体生态系统受到了不同程度的污染。污染水体植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的一种廉价高效的水体净化和修复技术,将一些水生植物种植于自然水体或通过构建人工湿地用于污染水体的净化与修复取得了一定的效果,并已进行了工程化应用。选择净化能力强、耐性高的水生植物是保障植物对受损水体净化和修复效果的关键。本实验以在我国分布较为广泛的两种大型水生植物——菰（Zizania latifolia Turcz.）和菖蒲（Acorus calamus L.）为研究对象,通过漂浮栽培实验,研究了两者单独和等量混合种植对生活污水的净化修复效果以及两者对低、中、高三种浓度污水的净化效果及其生长特性;通过盆栽实验,研究了两者在低、中、高三种浓度Cu-Zn-Pb-Cd复合污染条件下的生长状况、生理特性及吸收和富集重金属的能力。该实验旨在为污水处理、河湖的生态修复等污染水体净化修复工程的植物选择提供依据。结果如下:1.菰和菖蒲在供试生活污水中均能正常生长,二者无论是单独种植还是等量混合种植净化效果均明显好于对照。菰单独种植、菖蒲单独种植和二者混合种植对供试水体中总氮（TN）的去除率分别为92.8%、92.7%、94.9%,对氨氮（NH₃-N）的去除率分别为95.5%、97.4%和96.6%,对总磷（TP）的去除率分别为83.9%、94.3%和84.7%,对化学需氧量(COD_Cr)的去除率分别为83.0%、85.5%和86.7%。菖蒲单独种植对TP的去除效果明显好于菰单独种植和二者混合种植。二者混合种植没有表现出比单独种植更好的净化效果。菰和菖蒲均可作为生活污水的净化和修复植物。2.菰和菖蒲均在中浓度污水中生长最好。中浓度污水中菰的生物量显著高于低浓度和高浓度,中浓度污水中菖蒲的生物量略高于低浓度和高浓度,但差异不显著。二者对三种浓度污水的净化效果均好于对照。菰对中浓度污水中TN、NH₃-N、TP、COD_Cr的去除率分别为97.40%、95.28%、98.48%、71.38%,对高浓度污水中TN、NH+3-N、TP、COD_Cr的去除率分别为96.36%、97.65%、88.18%、76.11%,净化效果更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of agriculture and industry, water contamination by trace metals and excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is the main types of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Some aquatic plants have strong abilities to‘harvest’pollutants from the contaminated environment. The purification efficiency differs both among species and their organs. Therefore, it is useful to identify various species and their organs which remove the greatest amounts of contaminants. With floating culture, effects of Zizania latifolia and Acorus calamus on purifying domestic sewage and 3 types of wastewater （low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration） were studied. Stress responses and metal bioaccumulation in combined treatments of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium by the two emergent wetland plants were studied in pot experiments as well. The results were summarized as follows:Firstly, both Z. latifolia and A. calamus could grow well in the domestic sewage. The purifying efficiency of vegetated treatments was superior to unvegetated treatments significantly. The removal rates of TN by Z. latifolia, A. calamus, and the mixture were 92.8%, 92.7%, 94.9% respectively, and that of NH3-N, TP, CODCr were 95.5%, 97.4%, 96.6% and 83.9%, 94.3%, 84.7% and 83.0%, 85.5%, 86.7% respectively. A. calamus in monoculture had greater effects on purifying TP than Z. latifolia in monoculture and the mixture. There was no evidence that the two species mixture had greater effects than monocultures in this study.Secondly, Z. latifolia and A. calamus both grew best in the medium concentrated wastewater. Biomass of Z. latifolia in the low and high concentrated sewage was significantly less than in the medium. Biomass of A. calamus in the medium concentrated sewage was a little more than in the low and high concentrated sewage, but no significant differences were shown among them. The removal rates of Z. latifolia to TN, NH₃-N, TP, COD_Cr in the medium concentrated sewage were 97.40%, 95.28%, 98.48%, 71.38% respectively, and that in the high were 96.36%, 97.65%, 88.18%, 76.11% respectively. The purifying efficiency of Z. latifolia on the low concentrated wastewater was significantly less than the medium and high. Z. latifolia could act as purifying plants to purify the medium and high concentrated wastewater.更多还原