【作者】 徐天戍；

【导师】 孙胜忠；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】从《没有女人的男人》中看海明威的生态女性意识

【摘要】 厄内斯特·海明威是一位享誉世界的作家。他在文学评论界也一直备受关注。在最近的几十年里,国内外专家学者对海明威其人其作品的研究可谓硕果累累。他们颇为全面及深刻的研究成果曾一度使研究者们认为,对海明威的研究已没有多少深化和拓展的余地了。然而,诞生于女权运动的第三次浪潮并兴盛于20世纪90年代的生态女性主义批评打破了人们的偏见,为研究者提供了崭新独特的视角,为海明威研究注入了新的活力。生态女性主义是深层生态运动和妇女解放运动相结合的产物,其理论既是“生态的”,又是“女性的”,但它不等于生态主义和女性主义的简单叠加融合。它除了关注人与自然﹑男人与女人之间的关系,更加注重的是对男人支配下的自然与女人内在关系的探寻以及对西方父权制社会的批判。事实上,在此之前,不少学者曾分别就“女性意识”和“自然情结”对海明威及其作品进行过探讨。然而,对海明威作品中生态女性意识的探讨以及对其短篇小说集《没有女人的男人》的关注依然不足。因而,本研究旨在探索海明威在其《没有女人的男人》中表现的生态女性意识。通过分析,研究表明,海明威决不是个狂妄自大的男性至上主义者,也不是个狂热的自然冒险家,相反,他对自然﹑男人﹑女人三者的关系有着深刻的思考。他认为,人与自然﹑男人女人之间不应该是一种支配与被支配﹑统治与被统治的关系,而应该维持相互依存﹑互蕴共荣的关系。而他对妇女与自然内在关系的认同以及他对父权制文化的质疑更是充分体现了他的生态女性意识。对海明威生态女性意识的提出绝非妄自揣测。回顾海明威的生活环境及其个人经历,不难发现,他对性别和生态问题的感知力是在诸多因素的影响下逐渐形成的。海明威生长在一个社会性别界限区分不严格的环境中,他不拘传统的母亲,活力充沛的文学导师斯坦因,以及他四位独立自主的妻子都促成了他性别观的转变。同时,海明威的自然观,尤其是他对人与自然关系的认识,与美国式工业文明的影响,与其父亲的教导以及他自身在自然和战争中的经历是分不开的。他的生态女性意识也逐渐融入到其创作中,而《没有女人的男人》便是其中一例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ernest Hemingway is a writer who enjoys worldwide reputation and remains an interesting figure in the world of literary criticism. In the past few decades, experts and scholars at home and abroad have made so conspicuous achievements that there seems nothing more to be said about the writer and his works. Then just as our beliefs are beginning to harden into dogma, ecofeminism, a new literary criticism which arose from the third wave of women’s movement and flourished in 1990s, opens the widely-acknowledged Hemingway as a masculinist and nature-explorer to new readings. Ecofeminism represents the union of radical ecology movement and feminism. Its theory is both“ecological”and“feminist”, but it contains more than the combination of ecology and feminism. Ecofeminism concerns not only the relations between man and nature, and between men and women, but more importantly, the inter-connection of women and nature subjugated by men and the extension to patriarchal system—the origin of all dominations. As a matter of fact,“feminist sensibility”and“nature complex”have been separately adopted into understanding this complicated and epoch-branded writer. However, few endeavors have been made to probe Hemingway’s ecofeminist sensibility in his writings, and few efforts have been devoted to the study of Hemingway’s short story collection Men without Women.Thus, this research aims to explore Hemingway’s ecofeminist consciousness embodied in Men without Women. Through analysis, the study proves that Hemingway, rather than being an arrogant masculinist or fanatical nature adventurer, is a writer with profound meditation on the interactions of nature, men and women. He implies in his writing that the relationship between man and nature and that between men and women should be of inter-dependence and reciprocity, rather than of hierarchy and domination. And his recognition of women-nature connection and his skeptical attitude toward patriarchal culture surely fall into the ecofeminist stance.The advocacy of Hemingway’s ecofeminist consciousness is not induced from a rootless conjecture. Tracing back to his upbringing and his life experiences, we can find the origin of his sensitivity to gender and ecological issues. He lives in an environment of更多还原