【作者】 李金花；

【导师】 周守标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从生物学特性、形态分类、孢粉学、核型、经济价值及开发利用等方面,系统综述了安徽分布的黄精属(Polygonatum Mill.)植物研究现状;提出了安徽黄精属植物研究中存在的问题,并对未来的研究和开发利用进行了展望。本文分别从解剖和发育两方面对安徽黄精属植物叶片和花进行了研究,结果如下:1.通过对安徽产7种黄精属植物叶片解剖结构、叶表皮光镜和扫描电镜等微形态方面的研究,结果表明:黄精属植物叶肉细胞中普遍存在内含针晶束的异细胞;叶上表皮无表皮毛,下表皮除玉竹(P. odoratum)外,均无表皮毛的存在;气孔器仅分布于下表皮,气孔器大小、分布等特征以及表皮细胞形状和垂周壁式样在种间有一定的差异;这些微形态性状为黄精属植物种的划分及系统演化关系的探讨提供实验证据。2.通过对多花黄精(P. cyrtonema)不同居群叶片解剖结构的研究,结果表明:多花黄精叶表皮特征,如气孔器大小、指数、密度、分布特征、角质层纹饰及表皮毛的分布等性状受环境因子影响较大,同种不同居群间有一定差异,不能作为种间分类的依据;而叶肉结构、内含物(如针晶束)、气孔器类型、表皮毛类型、表皮细胞形状等性状稳定性较强,同种不同居群间没有明显差异,可以作为种间分类的依据。3.通过不同发育时期多花黄精叶片和花的解剖结构研究,结果表明:叶片在分化过程中,首先分化出来的是表皮,其次是叶肉和叶脉;上下表皮细胞的发育方式基本一致,都是表皮细胞进行伸长生长和加宽生长,且伸长生长速度大于加宽生长速度;气孔器的发育方式有两种,一种是由表皮细胞进行不均等分裂所形成的两个细胞之中的较小的一个发育而来,一种是直接由表皮细胞发育而来。花的分化发育顺序为:外轮花被片——内轮花被片——雄蕊——雌蕊。上述研究,旨在从解剖和发育方面来探讨安徽产黄精属植物的分类问题;揭示黄精属植物的种间差异及居群间差异的关系;并为探讨黄精属植物的系统演化和开发利用提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The progress of researches was summarized in Polygonatum Mill. which mainly involved biological characteristics, taxonomy, pollen, karyotype, economic value, exploitation and ultilization, ect. And put forward some problems on the research of Polygonatum Mill. in Anhui Province. This makes a prospect on the research direction and exploitation and ultilization of Polygonatum Mill. The paper had studied anatomy and development of leaf and flower of Polygonatum Mill. in Anhui Province and the results were as following:First, by using paraffin sectioning to study the anatomy of leaf blades and investigate the leaf epidermis under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the results showed that the idioblasts with raphide are common in Polygonatum Mill. No hairs were on upper epidermis among 7 species and only P. odoratum has hairs on lower epidermis. Stomatal apparatus distributed only on lower epidermis. Some stomatal apparatus characters such as size, distribution and shape of surface cells show more or less difference among the species. Those characters provide experimental evidence for studies on division of species and systematic evolvement relationships of Polygonatum Mill.Second, by using paraffin sectioning to study the anatomy of leaf blades of 5 populations and investigate their leaf epidermis under LM and SEM, the results showed that there are more or less difference on leaf epidermal characters such as size, index, density and distribution of stomatal apparatus, cuticular ornamentation and distribution of epidermal hair in different populations because of environment. But some characters such as structure of mesophyll, inclusion (such as raphide), type of stomatal apparatus and shape of epidermal cell show stabilization in species which may be regarded as evidence for division of species.更多还原