【作者】 胡静书；

【导师】 李先华；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以《景德传灯录》对话部分的介词为考察对象,试图描写禅宗语录这一语言变体呈现出唐末宋初的介词面貌。在静态描写的基础上与大体同时期的敦煌变文的介词作横向比较,看介词成员、用法、介词短语在句中的位置诸方面在两种语料中的异同;与《世说新语》的比较可以使我们看出介词从中古时期到宋初在以上诸方面大致的发展脉络;与《朱子语类辑略》的比较可以看出《景德传灯录》介词面貌在整个汉语介词发展过程中所处的大致位置。描写分析时尽力与解释相结合,试图分析语言现象变化发展的内在原因。本文涉及的介词现象只见于《景德传灯录》对话部分、禅师长篇说法和偈颂歌赞,把属于作者叙述部分的文字排除在外,因为禅宗语录中的叙述部分是泛时的语言材料。本文所收《景德传灯录》的介词从词形上看共31个:从、临、于、至、当、到、乎、在、自、就、著、蓦、对、共、向、与、似、用、因、由、为、以、被、把、将、除、只如、依、凭、据、及。由于同一词形的词往往不止一种介词用法,同一语义由不同介词表达,实际介词的数量约74个。从语序上看,完全后置于谓语动词的用法和介词有:“于施事、于比较对象、乎、”。“于、乎”后置的用法显然是保存上古汉语的用法,可见在唐末宋初的口语中,介词短语位于谓语之后是少见的。可位于谓语前后的有:于处所、著、向方向、向归结点、在始发点、在处所、由方式、以方式、向对象、为对象。后置用法中比例明显较高的有“在、著、向归结点”。造成这一现象的原因我们认为主要有两方面:一是其虚化为介词时所处的句法位置,二是语义因素,即表动作归结点这种结果的介词短语不位于谓语之前。语言的语音节律使得有些不表示归结点的介词短语位于谓语之后,这类用例中谓语动词绝大多数为光杆动词,这说明由于双音化的影响和动补结构发展的要求,光杆动词独立使用的比例越来越小。与变文相比,词形上《景德传灯录》中的“只如、蓦、凭、除、”都不见于变文,变文中的“捉、和、即、会、闻、连、累、兼、并、背、沿、应、望、缘、经、随、往、况处所”不见于《景德传灯录》。除了收词不同和文字借用问题两种因素外,应归因于两种材料的方言差别。用法上二者互有参差,总体上《景德传灯录》中同一词形的用法多于变文,除更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper aims to give a clear and full description of prepositions in JING DE CHUAN DENG LU that, as one of the Analects of Chan, reflects the spoken language of early Song Dynasty. Concise comparisons with BIAN WEN,SHI SHUO XIN YU and Excerpt of Analects of ZHU XI reveal the dialectal differences and historical developments regarding of the numbers of prepositions, the usage of prepositons and the syntactic positions of preposition phrases.Excluding the narrative parts in JING DE CHUAN DENG LU which shows no linguistic features of any specific time, the paper describes about 74 prepositions in the dialogues as well as preaching monologues and Chan poems by some famous masters.In JING DE CHUAN DENG LU, there are three post-verb prepositions“于actor,于comparison,乎”, which indicates that old language forms tend to stick to old rules. Preposition phrases of resultative meaning usually lie after the main verbs with few exceptions while preposition phrases of non-resultative meaning may lie after verbs when the main verbs are monosyllable single words.The comparison displays some dialectal differences between JING DE CHUAN DENG LU and BIAN WEN. Prepositions in JING DE CHUAN DENG LU usually take on more functional loads and are of smaller post-verb proportion than that of BIAN WEN because the poetry style of BIAN WEN limits its presentation of preposition usage in real language practice.Compared with SHI SHUO XIN YU, prepotions in JING DE CHUAN DENG LU are of a bigger number. And prepositions“从,在,向,著”are of various usages with a tendency of temporary overgeneralization. The post-verb proportion shows a stable decreasing inclination.From the comparison between JING DE CHUAN DENG LU and Excerpt of Analects of ZHU XI, it can be seen that prepositions in Excerpt of Analects of ZHU XI are closer to prepositions in modern Chinese vernacular despite that there are dialectal differences. Accordingly preposition situation in JING DE CHUAN DENG LU is in the forming stage of modern Chinese.更多还原