【作者】 王影；

【导师】 周守标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 贝母属(Fritillaria L.)植物是一类具地下鳞茎的多年生观赏和药用植物,广泛分布于欧、亚及北美洲的温带地区。有关安徽省贝母属植物的研究,前人在药理、生理、分子、细胞学和形态等方面做过一定的工作,但在系统研究上仍存在很大的争议。本研究以安徽省贝母属植物8种1变种以及安徽贝母(F.anhuiensis)在安徽省内差异较大的两个居群为研究材料,通过运用光镜、扫描电镜、核型分析和野外调查等方法,对安徽贝母属植物的比较解剖学、细胞学、孢粉形态学三个方面进行了详细研究,为探讨安徽贝母属植物的系统关系和进一步的开发利用提供科学的基础资料。研究结果如下:1、系统地报道了安徽贝母属植物的叶微形态特征资料,结果表明:安徽省贝母属植物的叶表皮细胞垂周壁式样、气孔器外拱盖内缘、角质层等特征,在种间均有一定的差异,可以为贝母属植物的生药鉴定、属内种类的划分和系统演化关系的探讨提供实验依据。2、对安徽贝母属7种植物的核型进行了分析,结果表明:除窄叶小贝母的两个细胞型为“3C”型外,其余种皆为“3B”型,在天目贝母与窄叶小贝母的核型中首次发现B-染色体;与前人的研究结果相比较,贝母属植物的核型多态现象显著,同种植物在不同研究中,核型间表现出了较大的差异。3、通过对安徽贝母属植物花粉形态的观察与分析,并与前人观察结果相比较,认为本属植物花粉特征较为稳定,花粉外壁均为网状纹饰;其中祁门贝母、天目贝母的花粉形态十分相似,在花粉角度上表现出较近的亲缘关系;其它种在花粉大小、网眼排列、网脊平滑与否、网眼底部有无乳突等方面在种间有较明显的差异,可以作为种间区分的依据。4、综合安徽贝母属植物的外部形态特点、叶微形态特征、细胞学和孢粉学等方面的资料,认为宁国贝母、祁门贝母和天目贝母三者亲缘关系较近,其中祁门贝母和天目贝母在叶的微形态特征、核型、花粉形态和外部形态特点等诸多方面极为相似,表现出很近的亲缘关系,笔者认为可以将祁门贝母作为天目贝母的变种处理;铜陵黄花贝母、黄山贝母、皖江贝母同时表现出更多还原

【Abstract】 The plants in Fritillaria L. are a kind of well-known bulb flowers in the world ,which both have important medical and ornamental value. The genus Fritillaria L. are distributing in the Northern Hemisphere abroad, for example Europe, Asia and the North America, little are distributing in Africa. So far, some works have been done on the medicine, cytology, molecule, physiology and morphology of the Fritillaria L. from Anhui province by former researchers, but the most works were done on the F. anhuiensis, the studies on the other species were few, so there are prodigious disputes remained on the systematic studies of Fritillaria L..The detailed studies was made in this paper, through the micmorphology characters of the leaf LM and SEM Scaning and the pollen SEM Scaning, karyotype analysis, and field investigation on the materials which including 8 species and 1 variety of the genus Fritillaria L.distrubuted in Anhui province.Which can afford some basic scientific data for the discussion on the systematic relationships of Fritillaria L. and further explotion and ultilization of the Fritillaria L. resources in Anhui. Moreover, this paper has found more differences not only between different species of the Fritillaria L. but also between different population of the species F. anhuiensis in Anhui. The research results as follows:1.Some characters of the leaf epidermis such as shape of surface cells or pattern of anticlinal , inner margin of outer stomatal rim size, cuticular membrance ,the cell wall etc, all showed more or less differences among the species. Those characters provided experimental evidences on the pharacognostical identification, division of species and systematic evolution relationships of Fritillaria L..2.The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of seven species of the Fritillaria L. from Anhui province are studied in this paper. Except two cytotypes of the F. xiaobeimu, belonging to“3C”, the karyotypes of the other species belonging to“3B”. The karyotypes and chromosome numbers of the F. huangshanensis and F. monantha from Anhui in this paper are studied for更多还原