【作者】 张景钢；

【导师】 谭允祯；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 危险化学品是事故的多发领域。随着我国国民经济的快速发展，石油化学工业愈来愈成为国民经济的支柱产业，化学品与人民生活的关系越来越密切，危险化学品在生产储运过程中的泄漏扩散事故越来越多，已成为当今世界普遍关注的环境和安全问题。对危险化学品的泄露扩散进行模拟，能在危险化学品泄漏事故发生后，及时、迅速、有效、直观地对危险化学品泄漏扩散事故过程危险区域做出准确的预测并以此为依据制定相应的应急措施。因此，研究“危险化学品泄漏大气扩散模拟系统”有重要意义。 本文通过查阅文献及实地调研对建国以来发生的重大泄漏扩散事故进行了统计分析，并利用事故致因理论，对石油化工过程中的大量化学品泄漏扩散事故案例进行剖析、归纳，提出事故的事故机理、相关条件、事故特性和影响因素，并建立典型事故案例数据库。本文研究和分析了现有的化学品泄漏扩散模拟方法的优缺点，认为在事故应急领域中应用高斯扩散模型较为适宜。根据当前实际，阐述了应急救援的基本原则、基本任务及特点，提出事故应急响应系统和应急监测系统。作者用VB6.0开发了危险化学品泄漏扩散模拟计算机软件，从而为事故应急决策提供了有力的辅助支持，以达到尽可能减少人员伤亡和财产损失，减轻环境污染的目标。本文最后给出两个实例，用计算机对其进行模拟分析，预测泄漏事故发生后的浓度分布、影响区域，表明了计算机模拟分析的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hazardous chemical substance is one of the most reasons, which causes typical accidents. With the rapid development of national economy, petrol-chemical industry has become mainstay industry than any more. Chemical substance has more relation with the living of people, but the safety problem caused by hazardous chemical substance has become more outstanding. In order to rapidly and effectively predicting the diffusion area of the leakage Chemical, and giving corresponding emergency decisions, we make a research on The System of Leakage and Diffusion Simulation of Hazard Chemical Substance.The important leakage diffusion accidents, which happened in the field of chemical industry in our country have been analyzed with the method of statistics, through consulting documents and field research. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing a large number of typical leakage diffusion accidents’ cases in chemical and petro-chemical process, it has been put forward accident mechanisms and related conditions, accident characteristics and effect factors using of the accident cause theory. The typical accident case database is established. This thesis is intended to study and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the recent chemical substance diffusion simulation method, which includes experience formula, diffusion models and numerical simulation. The conclusion is that it is more suitable to adopt the diffusion models in the accident emergency response. And on this basis, according to the current practical situation, basic principle, basic task and rescue characteristic of emergency rescue have been explained, and the emergency responding system of accidents and the emergency monitoring system are proposed. For the sake of convenient application, computer software for leakage diffusion simulation of hazardous chemical substance is developed which can provide great assistance to the decision-making of emergency response and reach the target of reducing the damage of the life, property and environment to the smallest degree using VB 6.0. Finally, the computer is used to simulate and analysis 2 case, and predict the density distribution and the influential更多还原