μC/GUI在基于Nios的嵌入式系统中的研究与实现

【作者】 周进；

【导师】 向峥嵘；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 系统工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着Internet的发展和后PC时代的到来，嵌入式系统的应用愈来愈广泛，目前嵌入式系统技术已经成为了最热门的技术之一，嵌入式产品已经在IT产业中占有很大的比重。 近几年嵌入式技术的发展，对人机界面的要求越来越高，友好的图形人机界面为嵌入式系统的人机交互提供丰富的图形图像信息、直观的表达方式。嵌入式GUI(Graphical User Interface)作为人机界面的软件系统，具有简洁、美观、方便好用且更具人性化的特点，采用嵌入式GUI进行人机界面设计能够提高设备开发效率、节省维护成本、丰富人机交互信息，因而，已经被越来越多的领域所采用。 本文以工业烟草除杂系统为项目背景，研究设计了一种基于Nios Ⅱ软核处理器和嵌入式实时操作系统的嵌入式GUI应用平台的方案。硬件设计上，对FPGA器件、存储器设备及外围设备进行选择与设计，充分挖掘Nios Ⅱ软核处理器的强大功能，利用Quartus Ⅱ及SOPC Builder开发工具，对Nios CPU硬件资源进行重配置，自行定制CPU，选择组建外围设备接口，并根据应用需要灵活配置和裁剪系统，完成一个高性能嵌入式硬件系统的设计。软件方面，采用了实用小巧的嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ和嵌入式图形界面软件μC／GUI，为应用系统的实时性和图形人机交互功能提供了保证。该嵌入式GUI应用平台既可以满足用户对应用系统实时性和快速处理的要求，又能够给用户提供生动、直观的图形人机交互界面，具有广泛的应用前景。 通过本课题实践表明，基于Nios Ⅱ软核处理器构建高精度图像数据采集与液晶人机交互系统的应用方案完全可行，合理，并且同传统的人机交互系统设计相比，基于FPGA的技术是一次全新的尝试，采用该方案具有减少器件、降低成本、增强灵活性、高精度、高可靠性以及功能可扩展和硬件可升级等众多优势，极具有应用潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Internet and the arrival of Post-PC times, the application of embedded system becomes popular. Now embedded technology has been the focus of reseach. Embedded products have possessed great component in IT field.Recent years, embedded technology have developed rapidly, friendly graphics HMI provides abundant graphics and image information and intuitive communication means for embedded system. Embedded GUI as the software system of HMI has some characteristics of terseness, nice, convenience and humanity. The HMI designed with embedded GUI can increases development efficiency, lowers maintenance cost and enriches HMI information.In this thesis, a project entitled "the application platform of embedded GUI based on Nios II MPU and embedded RTOS(Real-time Operation System)" is studied. Firstly, the FPGA devices, the memory and peripheral equipments are chosen and designed. Furthermore, the strong function of Nios II processor is developed, we reconfigure Nios CPU hardware resources by Quartus II and SOPC Builder developing instrument, customize CPU. The small practical embedded real-time operating system μC/OS- II and the embedded GUI software uC/GUI are adopted, which gives security for the real-time character of the application system and the graphics HMI function. The embedded GUI platform can not only meet the requirement of the real-time and fast processing for the user, but also provide a vivid image human-computer interaction.The experiment result shows the system with high-accuracy image and liquid crystal human-computer interface can be constructed using Nios II processor. Compared with the design scheme of traditional human-computer interface system, the technology on the basis of FPGA is a new attempt, this scheme proposed in this thesis has numerous advantages, such as, decreasing the number of devices, lowering costs, strengthening flexibility, expanding function, upgrading hardware, high precision and reliability. In a word, it has extremely application potential.更多还原