培根科学观新论

【作者】 史斌；

【导师】 刘魁；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 弗兰西斯·培根在西方近代思想史上是一位开启时代的人物，四个世纪前，他用“知识就是力量”的宣言廓清了束缚人类智慧的种种假相，把久受经院哲学困扰的近代科学从思辨引回到自然之上，自他肇始，人们把改造自然、征服自然与幸福美好的生活赋予了内在统一。由于过分关注培根哲学的叛逆性，人们逐渐忽略了时代、信仰、政治等因素在培根思想中留下的印记，在学术界对培根思想长达几个世纪的研究中，培根科学观被大体上定义为一种拒斥宗教信仰，鼓励对自然进行无情征服与驾驭的机械唯物主义科学观。 对西方思想史与培根著作的深入研究促使本文以全新的视野来重新审视培根科学观，通过对培根的科学方法论、培根科学观的宗教旨蕴和女性主义培根批判的反思三个问题的分析与解读，本文认为，培根真正持有的是一种历史转折时期多内涵的科学观，历史的复杂性、思想的多维性共同造就了培根科学观的丰富内涵。更多还原

【Abstract】 Francis Bacon is a pioneer in the western modern thought history. Bacon’s declaration "knowledge is power" had swept idols which controlled people’s mentality before four centuries. The modern science which persecuted by scholasticism was guided back to nature from mind by him. After then, people unify happy life with conquering and reforming nature. For the reason that people concern the rebellion of Bacon’s philosophy excessively, they neglect the impression which were drawn by epoch、 religion and politics in Bacon’s thought. In the researches which were executed by academic field for several centuries, Bacon’s view of science was mainly considered a type of mechanical materialism, which rejected religion, conquered and enslaved nature ruthlessly.Based on the further studying in the western thought history and Bacon’s opera of philosophy, this paper resurvey Bacon’s view of science from fresh visual field. According to the analysis and interpretation on Bacon’s methodology of science, the religious implication of his view of science, and the reflection on the feminism’s criticism to Bacon, this paper believe that, Bacon’s view of science was very sophisticated in the disjunctive period of history. The complicacy of history and the universality of Bacon’s thought endow prolific implication on his view of science.更多还原