【作者】 周素琴；

【导师】 唐学玺；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 生物工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来养殖锯缘青蟹发生大规模死亡现象，严重制约了青蟹养殖健康持续发展。青蟹疾病的发生是机体自身的抗病力水平、病原微生物以及环境条件等多种因素相互作用和影响的结果。对疾病问题的研究必须从多个角度入手综合考虑。其中从环境角度入手，研究环境因子对锯缘青蟹抗病力与病原生物致病力的影响是根本解决病害的重要对策之一。本文从诸多环境因子中选择盐度、pH、氨氮、温度为代表，从青蟹的免疫力，主要包括血细胞密度、血清溶菌酶活力、血清碱性磷酸酶及酸性磷酸酶活力等多个角度，研究了上述环境因子对青蟹抗病力发生的影响。本研究主要结果如下： 1．盐度胁迫对养殖锯缘青蟹免疫因子的影响 以健康的养殖锯缘青蟹为实验材料，比较了不同盐度突变条件下青蟹抗病力的差别。实验结果表明盐度突变对养殖锯缘青蟹血细胞密度、血清溶菌酶活力、血清酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶均有影响，且大幅度长时间的盐度胁迫可显著影响青蟹的抗病力。表明这4种指标可以作为盐度胁迫对青蟹抗病力影响分析的重要参考依据，而盐度可以作为影响青蟹抗病力的重要环境因子。 2．pH胁迫对养殖锯缘青蟹免疫因子的影响 以健康的养殖锯缘青蟹为实验材料，比较了不同pH突变条件下青蟹抗病力的差别。实验结果表明pH突变对养殖锯缘青蟹血细胞密度、血清溶菌酶活力、血清酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶均有影响，且大幅度长时间的pH胁迫可显著影响青蟹的抗病力。表明这4种指标可以作为pH胁迫对青蟹抗病力影响分析的重要参考依据，而pH可以作为影响青蟹抗病力的重要环境因子。 3．氨氮胁迫对养殖锯缘青蟹免疫因子的影响 以健康的养殖锯缘青蟹为实验材料，比较了不同氨氮突变条件下青蟹抗病力的差别。实验结果表明氨氮对养殖锯缘青蟹血细胞密度(THC)、血清溶菌酶活力、血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)均有影响，且大幅度长时间的氨氮胁迫可显著影响青蟹的抗病力。所以应当采取有效措施降低养殖池的氨氮浓度，以避免病害的发生。 4．温度变化对养殖养殖锯缘青蟹免疫因子的影响 以健康的养殖锯缘青蟹为实验材料，比较了不同温度条件下青蟹抗病力的差别。实验结果表明温度变化对养殖青蟹抗病力的影响是显著的，且在水温20～25℃时青蟹抗病力最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently large-scale death of Scylla serrata caused economic losses and ristictedthe continuable cultivation.Disease is the final result of a complex interaction amongthe crab, its environment and the pathogen itself. To resolve the problem of diseasemust research from many aspects. Study on the environmental factors on the immuneresponses of Scylla serrata is one of the strategies to control the disease radically. Weselected some typical environmental factors including salinity, pH, ammonia nitrogenand temperature and studied the effect of these environmental factors on the immuneresponses in Scylla serrata from these aspects containing Total Haemocyte Counts,plasma Lysozyme, plasma alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The mainresults are as follows.1. Effects of acute salinity challenge on immune factors of Scylla serrata Acute salinity challenge can affect THC, plasma Lysozyme, plasma alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase concentrations of Scylla serrata. The results indicated that acute salinity challenge could reduce the immune responses of Scylla serrata. As the progress of challenge, Total Haemocyte Counts of Scylla serrata under salinity 17.5→10 and 17.5→25 can recover, but under salinity 17.5→5 and 17.5→35 they had dropped significantly. Under salinity 17.5→5 and 17.5→35 challenge plasma Lysozyme had dropped observably, and under salinity 17.5→10 and 17.5→25 challenge it had sharply climded at 12h and then decreased till 96h. Under salinity 17.5→5 challenge plasma AKP had dropped significantly, but under salinity 17.5→35 challenge it had sharply climded at 12h and then decreased till 96h. Under salinity 17.5→5 challenge plasma ACP had dropped observably, but under salinity 17.5→35, 17.5→10 and 17.5→25 challenge it had sharply climded at 12h and then decreased till 96h. It was considered that the four can be used as important index in study of the acute salinity challenge on immune response of Scylla serrata. Salinity is one of the important environmental factors to Scylla serrata immune responses. 2. Effects of acute pH challenge on immune factors of Scylla serrata Acute pH challenge can affect THC, plasma Lysozyme, plasma alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase concentrations of Scylla serrata. The results indicated that acute pH challenge could reduce the immune responses of Scylla serrata. Under the acute pH challenge, THC had dropped significantly. At 12 and 24h under the challenge plasma Lysozyme activity had been not significantly; under pH7.50→7.05 and 7.50→ 8.02 challenge it had increased sharply at 48h and then decreased till 96h; under pH7.50→6.45 and 7.50→8.44 challenge it had been restrained. At 12h under pH7.50更多还原