【作者】 刘娟；

【导师】 马启敏；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着环渤海地区经济快速发展,渤海承纳的入海化学污染物逐年增加,鉴于遏止乃至改善渤海海洋生态环境的迫切性和重要性,有必要对渤海主要化学污染物入海通量进行系统研究。本文收集了大量监测数据和文献资料,确定了各污染源排放营养盐和COD的入海通量计算方法和渤海污染物入海通量归并方法,根据主要污染源地理位置,特别是黄河、海河、滦河和辽河四大河流与莱州湾、渤海湾、中央海盆地和辽东湾四大水域的对应关系,将各种污染源排放污染物的入海通量分别归并到黄河流域、海河流域、滦河流域和辽河流域。根据通量计算方法和流域归并方法,统计了黄河、海河、辽河和滦河的入海年径流量、环渤海三省一市直排入海废水量、养殖面积的年际变化情况,系统计算了河流、排污口和养殖排放的主要化学污染物入海通量,大气沉降和面源污染物入海通量采用年均值,然后分析了自20世纪70年代末到21世纪初,渤海营养盐和COD等主要化学污染物入海通量年际变化规律,以及各污染源比例的年际变化规律和黄河流域、海河流域、滦河流域和辽河流域的污染物比例分配。自20世纪70年代末到21世纪初,随年份增加,渤海DIN(无机氮)入海通(总)量整体上表现出先增加、后降低、再增加的“N”型变化趋势。20世纪70年代末为16×10~4t/a左右,然后逐渐增加,到90年代初增至35×10~4t/a左右,平均年增长率为8.3%,之后又大幅降低,到90年代末为18×10~4t/a左右,平均年减小率为5%,然后又有所增加,2004年大约为25×104t/a。自20世纪70年代末到21世纪初,随年份增加,渤海DTP(溶解总磷)入海通(总)量整体上表现出先增加、后降低的倒“V”型变化趋势。20世纪70年代末为1.4×10~4t/a左右,然后逐渐增加到90年代中期为2.8×10~4t/a左右,平均年增长率为6.7%,自20世纪90年代中期,渤海DTP入海通量逐渐降低,2004年约为1.8×10~4t/a。自20世纪70年代末到21世纪初,随年份增加,渤海COD入海通(总)量整体上表现出先增加、后降低的倒“V”型变化趋势。20世纪70年代末为80×10~4t/a左右,然后逐渐增加,90年代末达到120×10~4t/a左右,平均年增长率更多还原

【Abstract】 With the high development of economy and increasing of the population circum-Bohai zone, chemical pollutants fluxes flowing into Bohai are increasing continually, which make water quality of Bohai worse, ecosystem unbalanced and red tide disaster happens frequently. This paper is designed to study the change of chemical pollutants fluxes flowing into Bohai within twenty-six years.Quantities of data is gathered and the methods of calculating pollutant fluxes flowing into Bohai are given. Based on the geography location of pollution sources, especially the corresponding relation between Huanghe River, Haihe River, Luanhe River and Liaohe River with Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay, center basin and Liaodong Bay, pollutant fluxes flowing into Bohai are mergerd respectively to Huanghe drainage basin, Haihe drainage basin, Luanhe drainage basin and Liaohe drainage basin.Runoff of Huanghe River, Haihe River, Luanhe River and Liaohe River, sewage flowing into Bohai and Breed aquatics area of Shandong Province, Liaoning Province, Tianjin Province and Hebei Province are analized. Pollutants fluxes from river, sewage meatus, breed acquatics are calculated. Pollutants fluxes of air deposition and non-point source are yearly average value. Since the late of 1970s to the early of 21st century, nutrients and COD yealy flowing into Bohai are analized.The proportion of every pollution source and drainage basin.is studied. The main conclusions as follows:Since the late of 1970s to the early of 21st century, the trend of inorganic nitrogen flowing into Bohai is shape of“N”. In detail, the fluxes is about 16×10~4t/a in the late of 1970s, and then increases firstly to about 35×10~4t/a in the early 1990s. The increasing rate yearly is about 8.3%. And then decreases to about 18×10~4t/a and increases again to 25×10~4t/a in 2004.The trend of dissolved total phosphorus flowing into Bohai is shape of converse“V”. In detail, the fluxes is about 1.4×10~4t/a in the late of 1970s, and then increases to about 2.8×10~4t/a in the medium 1990s. The increasing rate yearly is about 6.7%.And then decreases to about 1.8×10~4t/a in 2004.The trend of COD flowing into Bohai is shape of converse“V”,too. In detail, the fluxes is about 80×10~4t/a in the late of 1970s, and then increases to about 120×10~4t/a in the late 1990s. The increasing rate yearly is about 4.9%.And then decreases to about 92×10~4t/a in 2004.更多还原