【作者】 刘雪飞；

【导师】 李雁；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 国际法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 能源是国民经济的基本支柱,能源供应不足或供应来源受到威胁都将直接影响国民经济发展和国家安全。一般而言,能源包括石油、煤炭、天然气、水能、核能等,但是石油对国家经济安全的影响更为重要,当前世界各国能源的突出问题也是如何确保石油的可靠供应。因此,石油安全问题是关系国民经济发展和国家安全的重大战略问题。一般来说,一个国家要解决石油安全问题,至少需要进行三方面的努力:一是找到合适而充足的油源,二是建立起安全的石油运输通道,三是拥有一定规模的石油储备。石油供应地的稳定供给和石油运输通道的安全被认为是石油进口安全得以保障的重要标志。如何确保石油的可靠供应已成为当前世界各国能源的突出问题,而石油运输无疑是这个供应链条上至关重要的一环。石油这种物资运送批量大、运输距离长,使得海上运输成为必需的途径。油轮运输方式具有成本低、效率高和灵活度大等优点,所以目前,超过五分之三的世界石油贸易量是通过海上油轮运输的。然而,当前世界上几个主要的海上石油运输通道,如马六甲海峡和霍尔木兹海峡,受到诸如大国的军事威慑、日益猖獗的海盗威胁等多种不安全因素的影响,安全形势十分严峻,安全状况令人担忧。因此,如何保障海上石油运输通道的安全,便成为许多石油进口国关注的焦点。面临复杂的国际形势,为了确保海上石油运输通道的安全,专家学者们提出各种建议。这些建议具有针对性强、指导意义大等特点,但是,从总体上看,也存在以下两方面缺陷:一是很少有人建议运用法律手段来解决此问题;二是大部分建议仍然把目光仅仅局限在国内的范围。因此,本论文的目的就是要从构建制度体系这个全新的视角出发来分析、解决海上石油运输通道的安全问题。并试图突破已有的局限,把该问题置于整个世界的范围内来考察,尝试在现代国际法框架内通过构建相关的制度体系来解决问题,即通过构建法律制度来保障包括中国在内的世界各主要石油进口国更多还原

【Abstract】 The energy is the basis of national economy, thus, insufficient supply in volume or unsteady supply channel of energy will affect the national economy development and security. While as one of vital energies, the petroleum has more important influence on the state economy security. Currently, prominent question faced by each country is how to guarantee the reliable supply of petroleum. Therefore, the petroleum security problem is a significant strategic question related to the national economy development and security.Generally speaking, to solve the petroleum security problem, a country must make efforts in three aspects: Firstly, find suitable and sufficient oil source; the second, establish safe petroleum transport channel; the third, own quite volume of petroleum reserve. Among these aspects, it is great importance of building up petroleum transport channel. Considering features of long transport distance and large batches of petroleum transport and advantages of low cost, high efficiency and quite flexible in tanker shipping, building up of marine petroleum channel become to be the most important one of all.However, in the current world, several main marine petroleum transport channels are affected by some unsafe factors like military deterrent from some power nations and increasing rampant pirate threats and so on. Therefore, how to safeguards the security of the marine petroleum transport channel becomes the focus of many petroleum import countries.Faced with complex international situation, in order to guarantee更多还原