【作者】 张红霞；

【导师】 潘鲁青；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 水生生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国沿海水域环境污染日益加重,尤其是重金属污染非常突出,主要表现为重金属在沿海底质中的积累,如我国锦州湾的汞（Hg）,珠江口的Hg、铜（Cu）、镉（Cd）,胶州湾的Hg、Cd等含量均已不同程度地超过了国家海洋环境标准,对水生动物造成了严重危害。本文研究了3种重金属(Cu²⁺、Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺)对日本虫寻鳃丝、肝胰脏金属硫蛋白（MT）浓度、3种组织抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GPx）活力、DNA单链断裂的影响及鳃丝、肝胰脏显微结构的影响,探讨了重金属离子对日本虫寻的致毒机理,以期为水生甲壳动物生态毒理学的研究提供资料,也为沿海底质重金属污染监测提供科学依据。应用Hg饱和法（MSA）及原子吸收分光光度计测定了在3种重金属离子作用15d内日本虫寻鳃丝、肝胰脏MT的浓度变化。结果显示:日本虫寻鳃丝、肝胰脏MT含量在3d时均显著升高,之后随着离子浓度的升高和作用时间的延长变化显著（P<0.05）,并在一定时间内具有时间剂量效应关系,而对照组变化不显著;3种重金属离子在浓度（0.05mg/L）及作用时间均相同情况下,对日本虫寻鳃丝、肝胰脏MT的诱导程度分别为: Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺>Hg²⁺、Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺,2种组织MT含量大小为:肝胰脏>鳃丝。分别用邻苯三酚自氧化法、紫外分光光度法、DTNB比色法测定了30d内重金属离子对日本虫寻3种组织抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GPx）活力的影响,结果表明:日本虫寻鳃丝、肝胰脏3种抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GPx）活力,除0.05、0.1mg/LCu²⁺、0.0025mg/L Hg²⁺处理组外均在0.25d被显著诱导（P<0.05）,并随作用时间延长变化显著,而对照组变化不显著（P>0.05）。其中Cu²⁺处理组鳃丝和肝胰脏GPx活力在实验过程中与重金属离子呈明显的时间剂量效应关系,其他处理组随时间浓度增大具有明显的峰值变化,并在一定实验时间内具时间剂量相应。日本虫寻鳃丝、肝胰脏中CAT、GPx活力大小为:肝胰脏>鳃丝,而SOD活力大小为:鳃丝>肝胰脏;在同浓度同时间作用下3种离子对SOD、CAT、GPx活力的抑制程度均为:Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, environmental pollution along coastal areas in China is serious increasing, expecially heavy metal contamination in sediments, for example that mercury （Hg） concentration in Jinzhou Bay, Hg, cadmium （Cd） and copper （Cu） concentration in estuary of Zhu river, Hg and cadmium Cd concentration in Jiaozhou Bay exceeds the envirionmental allowable content and could do serious harm to the aquatic animals. This paper studied effects of heavy metal ions (Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺) on Metallothionein （MT） concentration of the gills and hepatopancres, antioxide enzymes activities of three tissues including superoxide dismuse （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, DNA strand break in three tissues and microstructure of gill filaments and hepatopancrea of Charybdis japonica, meanwhile discussed the toxic and detoxicfied courses of heavy metal ions in Charybdis japonica, in order to provide scientific data for toxicology research on marine creascureas and monitoring the heavy metal contamination in coastal sediment.Effects of three kinds of heavy metal ions on MT concentration in the gills and hepatopancreas of Charybdis japonica during 15 days were studied using using mercury saturation assay method and AAS. The results indicated: The MT concentration in the gills and hepatiopancreas increased significantly in 3 day, then changed significantly with the increasing of metal ions concentrations and prolongation of exposure time（P<0.05）and represented a dose and time relationship during a certain experimental period, whereas that in the control groups had no marked changes （P>0.05） . In addition, the inductive degree of three heavy metal ions in the same concentrions （0.5mg/L） and time on metallothionein concentration in the gills and hepatopancreas were Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺>Hg²⁺ and Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺, respectively. And the MT concentration in hepatopancreas was much higher than that in the gills.Effects of three kinds of heavy metal ions on SOD, CAT and GPx activities in the gills and hepatopancreas of Charybdis japonica during 30 days were studied by更多还原