赤潮异弯藻和塔玛亚历山大藻营养需求及对鱼类毒性效应的研究

【作者】 蒋红；

【导师】 娄安刚； 崔毅；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)均是主要有害赤潮藻种,本文针对这两种有害赤潮藻展开了研究,主要研究内容为赤潮异弯藻、塔玛亚历山大藻对营养(氮、磷、铁)的需求及对海洋鱼类的毒性效应,这对评估海洋有毒赤潮对生物资源的危害,减少渔业生产损失,避免对人类的健康造成危害具有十分重要的意义,并对有毒赤潮藻类可能对海水养殖环境造成的影响作出更为准确的预测和早期预警信号,为有害赤潮的爆发及其对鱼类产生毒性效应的研究提供科学依据。主要研究内容:1赤潮异弯藻和塔玛亚历山大藻对氮、磷营养盐及微量元素铁的需求通过氮、磷营养盐对赤潮异弯藻生长影响的单因子实验表明,赤潮异弯藻适合生长的氮、磷营养盐浓度范围分别为882～3528μmol/L和72.4～289.61.μmol/L;通过进一步的实验表明适合其生长的最佳N/P比值为24。通过微量元素铁对塔玛亚历山大藻生长影响的单因子实验表明,该藻适合生长的铁浓度范围为0～5.8μmol/L(培养液中铁的本底值为20.4.3g/L);通过进一步的氮、磷、铁对该藻生长影响的正交实验表明,适合该藻生长的最优组合为硝酸钠(NO3—N)浓度为441μmol/L,磷酸二氢钠(PO4-P)浓度为18.1μmol/L,氯化铁(Fe3+)浓度为5.8μmol/L,三因素中NaH2PO4对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响最大。2赤潮异弯藻和塔玛亚历山大藻及其各组分对牙鲆不同发育阶段(仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼)的毒性效应赤潮异弯藻和塔玛亚历山大藻对牙鲆不同发育阶段均有显著的毒害作用(P<0.05),但有毒藻类对牙鲆不同发育阶段的毒性是不同的,藻类对牙鲆生命早期的毒性较大,随着牙鲆的生长对有毒藻的抵抗力也越来越强。通过该两种有害赤潮藻各组分对牙鲆不同发育阶段的毒性效应实验结果表明,赤潮异弯藻对牙鲆的致毒作用不只是通过摄食藻细胞,导致藻毒素在体内累积引起,藻细胞的表面及藻细胞产生的毒性分泌物也均能导致牙鲆的死亡。塔玛亚历山大藻对牙鲆的毒害作用很可能就是由该藻产生的PSP毒素和与藻细胞表面相关的未知毒素共同作用引起的。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper mainly studied effects of nutrition factors on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium tamarense and the toxicity and the toxicity mechanism of these two kinds of toxic algae on the fish. This research has very important meaning to the evaluation of the harmful algal blooms on the marine biology resource, reducing the losing of fishery production, avoiding the harm to human’s health. This paper mainly discussed as followings:1 Reasearch of the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium tamarenseAccording to the one-factor experiment of the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo, the optimum concentration range of nitrogen and phosphorus for the Heterosigma akashiwo were 882~3528umol/L and 72.4 ?289.6umol/L respectively; The best ratio of N/P which adapted to the growth of the Heterosigma akashiwo was 24.According to the one-factor experiment of the effects of iron on the growth of Alexandrium tamarense, the optimum concentration range of iron for the Alexandrium tamarense was 0~5.8umol/L(the iron concentration of the sea water was 20.43ug/L); The orthogonal test of the three factors of nitrogen, phosphorous and ironn showed that the optimal concentrations of the three nutrients were as follows: 441umol/L, 18.1umol/L, 5.8umol/L. NaHPO was the dominant factor of the nitrogen, phosphorus and iron.2 The effect of algal culture and different fractions of Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium tamarense on the Paralichthys olivaceus in different growth phases {Paralichthys olivaceus larvae and juvenile}The algal culture of Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium tamarense had the remarkable harmful influence on the Paralichthys olivaceus of it’s different growth phases (P<0.05), but the toxicity of algal culture acting on the early development was the highest. The ways leading fishery organism of the two kinds of algal to toxicity are not only by eating algal causing the accumulation in body of algal toxin, but the更多还原