【作者】 王珏；

【导师】 包振民； 胡景杰；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究对栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂杂交子代的受精发育、遗传构成和物质的分布和变化做了相关分析研究。同时应用分子生物学育种手段,采用静水压休克的方法诱导了扇贝异源多倍体。对诱导参数,遗传物质来源、倍性分析、生长发育进行了研究。为栉孔扇贝育种提供相关资料信息。栉孔扇贝是我国北方地区重要的经济养殖型贝类,曾取得较好的经济效益。由于多年的人工育苗,环境的恶化,致使该品种抗逆性减弱,产量逐年下降。培育新品种成为当务之急。栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂受精过程结果显示,虾夷精子能够识别栉孔扇贝成熟卵子,参与卵子的发育。杂交子代担轮幼虫的核型分析、荧光原位杂交结果证实此次获得的幼虫是异源二倍体。对D形幼虫生长情况统计显示,杂交子代可以正常发育。基于以上杂交可行性,我们采用静水压休克法诱导了其异源三倍体。虽然该方法诱导率较化学方法低,但是对人体和环境无任何副作用,适应市场需求。通过抑制第二极体诱导异源三倍体比例可达50%以上,非整倍体率不到30%。通过抑制第一极体,三倍体诱导率仅能达到43%左右,且非整倍体率相对较高,30%以上。可见静水压休克法诱导三倍体,抑制第二极体的方法较好。在D形幼虫后期,异源三倍体比例有所下降,并且附着变态存在一定困难。没有获得异源三倍体成体,对异源三倍体的生长优势存观望态度。四倍体研究的兴起源于三倍体育种,在育种中有着非同寻常的理论和实践意义。我们采用静水压休克法抑制第一极体的释放诱导异源四倍体(栉孔扇贝♀×海湾扇贝♂)。受精5Min,压力25-30MPa处理10-15Min,担轮幼虫时期的四倍体率达到20%左右的。非整倍体率偏高,达到35%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hybrids, Chlamys farreri♀×Patinopecten yessoensis♂were studied on fertilization, genetic analysis and growth in D-shaped stages with the cytobiological method and experimental ecology. We applied hydrostatic pressure to induce allotriploidy (Chlamys farreri♀×Patinopecten yessoensis♂) and allotetraploidy (Chlamys farreri♀×Argopecten irradiants♂). The suitable inducing factors, genetic analysis, ploidy investigation and growth were discussed in this study. All information would be the foundation for scallop Chlamys farreri breeding.Zhikong scallop is one of the most important cultured mollusks in the north of China, which had brought great income. Recently, its output is reducing because of its weak resistance to environment. So, we try to induce allopolyploidy to improve its quality. Results showed that sperms from Patinopecten yessoensis penetrated into eggs of C. farreri and played a part in zygotes development. Karyotypes and GISH approved that larvae we got were hybrids. However, hybrid larvae’s fertilized percentage, hatchery rates and survivorship were lower than those of control group (C. farreri♀×C. farreri♂). Based on results above, zygotes, crossing between female C. farreri and male Patinopecten yessoensis were treated with hydrostatic pressure to induce allotriploidy through inhibiting polar body I or II. Hydrostatic pressure does no harm to environment and human beings, which was the crucial advantage against chemical methods. Inhibiting polar body II, we got about 50% triploidy and 29% aneuploidy at the same time. It is better than those through inhibiting polar body I, from which we just got about 43% triploidy. In later D-shaped stage, triploid percentage reduced from 50% to about 30%. Some larvae did not settle or metamorphose with unknown reason. So the research was broken off. It is hard to evaluate whether allotriploidy would be grow fast as we expected. Tetraploidy mating diploidy is the best method to gain triploids, which would be 100%更多还原