【作者】 邓可；

【导师】 张志南；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文建立了不同季节的青岛砂质潮间带和南黄海中部4个软泥底质站位的底栖群落粒径谱,对砂质潮间带粒径谱季节变化规律进行了研究,对粒径谱生物量谷形成原因进行了探讨,并采用连续积分模型利用粒径谱数据计算了调查站位的底栖群落生产力和耗氧量。对青岛砂质潮间带为期1年的调查发现砂质潮间带底栖生态系统非生物环境和生物群落有明显的季节变化。可将全年环境分为夏季(6～10月)和冬季(12～4月)两个环境季节,而在这两个环境季节交替时(5月和11月),环境变化剧烈。小型底栖动物全年平均丰度为1025.40±168.84ind/10cm~2,平均生物量为1195.87μg dwt/10 cm~2;大型底栖动物年平均丰度为1574 ind./m~2,年平均生物量为4.531g/m~2。小型底栖动物全年有两个生物量高峰,分别出现在5月和12月,大型底栖动物的丰度和生物量在春季明显高于其他季节。青岛砂质潮间带底栖生物群落丰度和生物量在全年大部分时间内主要受到间隙水溶氧条件的控制,而在低温的冬季则主要受沉积物温度的影响。底栖生物群落粒径谱结构有明显的季节变化。在1月和4月粒径谱为具有2个生物量谷的三峰模式,但7月和10月份的粒径谱却仅具有1个强度较大的生物量谷,粒径谱分布模式为双峰模式。粒径谱生物量谷的强弱与溶氧条件有着密切联系,表明与其他粒级处的生物相比,生物量谷处的生物对溶氧条件更为敏感。青岛砂质潮间带4个季节和南黄海中部海域4个站位的正态化粒径谱都适合直线回归模型,平均回归系数分别为0.873和0.885,平均截距分别为14.48和14.10,平均斜率分别为-0.854和-0.893。正态化粒径谱直线回归参数表现出与沉积物间隙水溶氧含量有直接或间接的联系。通过正态化粒径谱直线回归标准化残差分析,发现底栖动物粒径谱存在两个不同性质的生物量谷,谷底对应的粒级分别为0～1和5～6。其中,大粒级生物量谷比较稳定,谷底强度年平均值为-2.44,跨度稳定在4个粒级范围,谷底位置随季节不同在4～6粒级处摆动,反映群落粒径谱具有稳定的二级结构。小粒级生物量谷的强度却较小且很不稳定,谷底强度年平均值为-0.64,在冬季和春季强度较大,谷底强度分别达到-1.41和-0.85,跨度为3个粒级,但在夏季和秋季却更多还原

【Abstract】 In spite of detailed variety across temporal and spatial scale, conservative bimodal metazoan benthic biomass size spectra have been observed in different environmental condition. Sheldon-type and normalized biomass size spectra of metazoan benthos are constructed in two significant different sediment environments: sandy intertidal zone and subtidal zone composed by carbonate ooze in the Southern Yellow sea. Seasonal variation of biomass size spectrum is analyzed by data of the sandy intertidal zone. Secondary productions and oxygen consumptions of metazoan benthic assemblages are estimated by the method of continuous integral model.Significant seasonal variations of abiotic and biotic factors are revealed in sandy intertidal zone. Environmental factors can be separated to two seasons: temperate summer with poor dissolved oxygen (DO) and chilly winter with rich DO. In sharp alternation between the two seasons, high variability of environment is observed. Average abundance of meiofauna is 1025.40±168.84ind/10cm~2, average biomass is 1195.87μg dwt/10 cm~2; average abundance of macrofauna is 1574 ind./m~2, average biomass is 4.531g/m~2. Meiofauna abundance has two peaks in whole year, appearing in May and December. DO directs the change of benthos in summer and chilliness in winter.Structure of biomass size spectrum is transformed seasonally. Sheldon-type biomass size spectra appear tri-modal at January and April, but bimodal with a strong trough at July and October. Closely coupling between trough’s strength and DO suggests that species locating in the size classes of trough might be more sensitive to hypoxia than other size classes.All normalization biomass size spectra fit linear regression reasonably. But two different troughs are revealed by analyzing standardized residuals of normalized更多还原