【作者】 苗晶晶；

【导师】 潘鲁青；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 水生生物， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着海上石油和轮船运输业的发展以及工业、生活污水的大量排放,海洋环境中多环芳烃类化合物(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAHs)的污染日益加重,16种多环芳烃类化合物已成为海洋环境中必须检测的污染物,其中苯并(a)芘(B[a]P)和苯并(k)荧蒽(B[k]F)属于致癌性最强的PAHs。栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)是我国北方近海采用浮筏养殖的重要经济贝类。本论文以B[a]P和B[k]F作为多环芳烃化合物的典型代表物,通过实验室试验的方法,采用现代分析技术,研究了B[a]P在栉孔扇贝鳃和消化盲囊中的含量分布,测定了这两种组织中PAHs的代谢指标和遗传毒性指标,以及组织细胞的损伤,并且初步探讨了B[a]P对栉孔扇贝的生殖机能的影响。得到了如下的结果:1多环芳烃化合物对栉孔扇贝组织芳烃羟化酶活力的影响芳烃羟化酶(AHH)属于混合功能氧化酶系(MFO),对于PAHs的代谢具有重要作用。本实验采用实验室试验,将栉孔扇贝暴露于不同浓度(0.5μg/L、3μg/L、10μg/L)的B[a]P、B[k]F以及B[a]P与B[k]F混合物处理20 d,分别于12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 10 d, 15 d, 20 d取样,测定栉孔扇贝鳃丝和消化盲囊AHH活力的变化。实验结果表明,多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)对栉孔扇贝鳃丝和消化盲囊AHH活力具有显著的诱导作用(p﹤0.05),并且呈现了明显的时间、剂量效应特征。B[a]P和B[k]F混合物处理组鳃丝和消化忙囊的AHH活力在实验期间呈现先升高后稳定趋势,B[a]P处理组则表现峰值变化,然后呈下降趋势。消化忙囊各处理组AHH活力显著高于鳃丝。作者认为可以采用消化忙囊的AHH活力来反映周围环境PAHs的污染,并应以最大饱和浓度为标准。3种PAHs中B[a]P的毒性最强,PAHs对栉孔扇贝的毒性大小与PAHs的组成有关,不能以不同种类单一PAHs毒性的总和来代表PAHs混合物的毒性。2栉孔扇贝鳃丝和消化盲囊对B[a]P的累积效应研究更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, because of development of maritime petroleum and marine traffic and industry sewerage discharge, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) pollution became seriously. 16 kinds of PAHs became priority organic pollutants. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and Benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) are most carcinogenic PAHs. Chlamys farreri is important economy bivalve cultured by float valve in northern coast of China. We adopted laboratory study and used B[a]P and B[k]F as representative PAHs. We studied bioaccumulation of B[a]P in gills and digestive glands of scallop C. farreri , the metabolism and genetic toxicity parameters of these two tissues and histological and cell damage via mordern analysis technology. Furthermore, a primary study on B[a]P effect on reproduction function of C. farreri has been done. The following results were obtained:1 Effect of PAHs on AHH activity in gills and digestive glands of C. farreriAryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), belongs to Mixed function oxygenases (MFO), is important to PAHs metabolism. We adopted laboratory study, scallops were exposed to various concentration of B[a]P, B[k]F and the mixture of them (0.5μg/L, 3μg/L, 10μg/L) 20 days, and sampled at 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 10 d, 15 d, 20 d. AHH activity in gills and digestive glands were measured. The results indicate that AHH activity in all treatment groups were induced, and there’s a time-course and dose dependent character: digestive gland and gill AHH activity induced at first and tend to be stable until the end of the experiment; according to the AHH activity in gill and digestive gland of 15 d, the dose and AHH activity relationship is a parabola. The AHH activities became highest when PAHs concentration is 6μg/L, the AHH activities increased as the PAHs concentration elevated when PAHs concentration between 0-6μg/L. While the AHH activity decreased as the PAHs concentration elevated when PAHs concentration between 6-10μg/L. The AHH inductive ability of PAHs are B[a]P>B[k]F>B[a]P+B[k]F. AHH activity in gill is more sensitive to the suddenly intimidation of PAHs, while AHH activity in digestive gland is higher than in gill.更多还原