【作者】 周伟；

【导师】 杨改河；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验对引进的54份大麦种质资源分两年度进行种植,并在大麦生产期内对其幼苗习性、叶片宽窄、叶色、冻害、穗下节间弹性强弱、穗色、叶耳颜色、芒长短、茎秆蜡粉以及抗逆性能(病害、倒伏)有无等,进行田间观察记载;收获以后进行室内考种,考察其株高、穗长、穗下节间长、穗粒数、千粒重及产量。通过DPSV3.11版统计分析软件进行主成分分析和系统聚类分析。得出以下主要结论:1利用主成分分析法筛选出了4个特征向量对参试材料进行评价,并对所有参试材料的六个性状进行协方差矩阵分析,得出按照前4个主成分的大小依次排序,穗下节间长与株高、穗粒数与穗长、千粒重和产量,可衡量每个性状在某个材料中所处的位置与份量,能较直观地判断某一材料性状优势或劣势,如2024、D-50和96-158具有穗粒数多的特点,D-18千粒重高即粒大,D-100属于高杆材料等。2通过系统聚类方法把所有参试材料分为6类,第一类为高杆短穗材料,有11个品种;第二类为多粒材料,包括12个品种;第三类为高杆大穗材料,只有2个品种;第四类为大粒材料,包括11个品种;第五类为穗大粒多材料,包括7个品种;第六类为高杆大穗粒多材料,包括5个品种。3我们对所有材料在田间生长情况、农艺性状特点、数理统计分析结果进行全面汇总,可以把我们所拥有的大麦资源归为四个方面:可直接利用的材料,整体表现良好但个别性状经过改良可以利用的材料,具有特殊用途的材料和作为种质资源保存的材料。(1)可直接利用的材料:这一类材料总的特点是大田长势好、植株弹性好、农艺性状好。在生产上可以直接应用的材料共有2个。(2)个别性状经过改良可以利用的材料:这一类材料总的特点是穗层整齐、植株生长健壮,大田表现优于对照西安91-2,但是不同的材料存在着一些缺点。由于总的生长状况较好,对于个别性状的缺点,可经过适当的改良后作为品种推广种植。(3)有特殊用途的材料:裸粒黑大麦和青贮大麦。(4)作为种源保存的材料:a.大穗材料有7个;穗长12cm的材料有4个,其中前二个材料为日本引进的材料;穗长12.5cm和穗长为14的材料各一个。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the experiment, 54 introduced germplasms were planted in two years and their seedling characters, leaf breadth and colours, frostbite damages and topmost inter-node elasticities, spike colors, auricle colors, awn lengths, culms waxiness and resistances( to diseases and lodging) were observed and recorded; after they had been harvested their plant heights, spike lengths, topmost inter-node lengths, kernel numbers per spike and 1000-seed weights and yields were measured in lab. Statistic software named DPSV3.11 was employed to conduct the principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the data collected in the experiment and then the following results were obtained:1. Four eigenvectors were screened by principal component analysis to evaluate the tested materials and conduct the covariance matrix analysis of six traits of all the tested materials, and then the first four principal components were ranked in the increasing order of topmost internode and plant height, kernel number per spike and spike length, and 1000-seed weight and yield; the ordination was capable of indicating the position and importance of each material and visually judging advantageous or disadvantageous traits of each materials, for instance, high kernel numbers per spike of 2024, D-50 and 96-158, high 1000-kernel weight or large kernels of D-18 and high plant heights of D-100.2. The tested materials were divided into six groups by cluster analysis. The first group was the materials with high plant heights including 11 varieties, the second group was the materials with high kernel numbers per spike including 12 varieties , the third group was the materials with high plant heights and big spikes including two varieties, the fourth group was the materials with large kernels including 11 varieties, the fifth group was the grainy materials with big spikes including 7 varieties and the sixth group was the materials with plant heights , big spikes and high kernel number per spike including 5 varieties.3. According to their field growths, agronomic traits and statistic results, the materials were classified into four types, the varieties capable of being directly exploited, the varieties that performed well as a whole but some traits of whom needed improving, the materials that were of specific use and the materials capable of being preserved as germplasms.(1) The varieties capable of being directly exploited. The materials showed a good field growth, a good plant elasticity and good agronomic traits. Of the materials, there were two varieties being used in production.更多还原