【作者】 樊泽峰；

【导师】 赵宝玉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 疯草是棘豆属和黄芪属有毒植物的统称,是世界范围内危害草原畜牧业可持续发展最严重的一类毒草。在我国,主要分布于西北、西南及华北的广大草原,危害面积超过1 100万hm2 ,成为我国的“三大毒草灾害”之一。采食疯草能导致大批家畜中毒死亡,引起母畜不孕、流产、胎儿畸形、弱胎和公畜不育,疯草蔓延还可降低草场利用率,给草原畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失。国内外有关家畜疯草中毒防治的研究已有较多的报道。但至今未见到有效、易于在牧区推广的防治家畜疯草中毒的方法。本试验对利用缓控释技术研制成的防治家畜疯草中毒的“疯草灵缓释丸”防治绵羊棘豆中毒的效果进行了评价,并将其推广应用到青海和内蒙古的牧区进行了防治羊疯草中毒的田间药效试验,取得了以下结果。1.内蒙古阿拉善盟草原疯草中毒危害调查通过资料收集和深入牧区调查相结合的方法对内蒙古阿拉善盟3个旗疯草种类和分布面积进行了调查,结果阿拉善盟有疯草7种,其中棘豆属3种,黄芪属4种,分布面积超过139.33万hm2,危害最严重的是小花棘豆和变异黄芪两种,哈密黄芪可引起动物疯草中毒病为首次报道。2.绵羊血清α-甘露糖苷酶活性测定的最适pH研究通过比色测定法测定了不同pH条件下绵羊血清α-甘露糖苷酶的活性,并计算了组内变异系数。结果pH为3.8时测定的血清α-甘露糖苷酶活性最高,变异系数最小。初步确定了绵羊血清α-甘露糖苷酶活性测定的最适合pH为3.8,采用了在pH 10.14的缓冲液中制作对硝基酚溶液的标准曲线。3.“疯草灵缓释丸”防治绵羊棘豆中毒效果将16只藏系绵羊分成4组,3个试验组分别投服“疯草灵缓释丸”1丸、2丸和3丸,对照组不投服,饲喂黄花棘豆至所有组都出现棘豆中毒症状。结果投服“疯草灵缓释丸”2丸的预防效果最佳,与对照组相比症状推迟了60多天出现,绵羊血清α-甘露糖苷酶活性从第14天开始与对照组相比显著提高,血清天门冬酸氨基转移酶活性从第7天开始与对照组相比显著下降,说明“疯草灵缓释丸”对绵羊棘豆中毒的肝脏损伤有一定的预防作用。4.“疯草灵缓释丸”预防羊疯草中毒的田间药效评价对青海省祁连县野牛沟乡2 020只绵羊和内蒙古阿拉善左旗5 679只山羊投服了“疯草灵缓释丸”,在疯草滋生的草场放牧半年。结果青海省的试验从10月底到第二年3月底历时5个月,试验组羊中毒率为0.3%,死亡率为0,对照组羊的中毒率为46.1%,死亡率为1.2%,试验组与对照组相比预防效果显著。内蒙古阿拉善左旗试验投服“疯草灵缓释丸”后4个月时的中毒率更多还原

【Abstract】 Oxytropis and Astragalus species known as Locoweeds are responsible for Locoism,which are the most serious poisonous weeds toward farming industry in worldwide.Locoweeds in China are mainly distributed on vast grassland,exceeding 1100 million hectares,in northwest,southwest and north China,which become one of the most serious three poisonous weeds in China.Ingesting Locoweed can result lots of livestocks death,female sterility,abortion,fetal abnormality and male yeld. The extending Locoweed decrease the utilization rate of grassland and result huge loss toward livestocks industry.Studies of controling livestocks Locoism are reported in overseas and China,but the effective and recipient preventing methods are not been reported up to date.In this paper,evaluating the effects of“Fengcaoling Sustained Release Pill”preventing sheep from Oxytropis poisoning and making the field efficacy trial of preventing sheep or goats from Locoweed poisoning in Qinghai province and Inner Mongolia.The results as follows.1.Locoweed harm investigation in Alasan League of Inner MongoliaThe species and distribution areas of Locoweed in Alasan League of Inner Mongolia are investigated by literature review and field survey.It shows that there are 7 species Locoweeds including 3 species of Oxytropis and 4 species of Astragalus,which distribute beyond 139.33 million hectares.The dominating harmful species are O.flabra and A.variabilis,reporting firstly A.hamiensis as Locoweed.2.Study on the optimum pH of alpha-mannosidase activity test from serum in sheepThe activity of serum alpha-mannosidase from sheep is determinated in different pH by colorimetry,and calculate the coefficient of variation within groups.It shows that the highest alpha-mannosidase activity is tested in pH 3.8,and accordingly has the smallest coefficient of variation and primarily presumed that pH 3.8 is the optimum pH of the test of alpha-mannosidase activity.The Standard Curve of p-nitrophenol solution is maken in buffer solution of pH 10.14.3.Effect of“Fengcaoling Sustained Release Pill”preventing sheep from Oxytropis poisoningSixteen sheep were randomly divided into four groups,and three test groups were separately administratived“Fengcaoling Sustained Release Pill”at dosage of one pill,two pills and three pills per sheep,the control group was not administratived.Signs of Oxytropis更多还原