【作者】 陈玲；

【导师】 田霄鸿；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物营养学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 锌为动植物正常生长所必需,土壤供锌不足时,农作物及畜产品的产量和品质都会受到影响,进而影响人体健康。生长在石灰性土壤上的作物容易缺锌,而CaCO₃对锌吸收的影响很大。在石灰性土壤中,CaCO₃与HCO₃-之间存在着平衡关系。小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是我国北方最重要的粮食作物,主要种植在普遍缺锌的石灰性土壤上,近年来有人认为,HCO₃-可能是石灰性土壤上影响锌营养过程的最重要因素。本文通过模拟研究方法,把CaCO₃或HCO₃-添加到营养液中,模拟石灰性土壤的环境条件,以期弄清Zn与这些化学因子共存对作物生长的影响,尤其是CaCO₃对小麦幼苗Zn吸收以及介质中HCO₃-浓度和pH的影响。这对于揭示石灰性土壤主要化学因素与小麦锌营养的关系,进而提高农产品产量和营养品质,具有十分重要的意义。本研究通过3个独立的液培试验,获得了以下主要结论:（1）以霍格兰营养液为介质,在不同的Zn（0、0.016、0.082 mg/L）与CaCO₃（0、10、30、60 mg/L）用量下,将5种基因型冬小麦进行营养液混合培养,探讨Zn与CaCO₃用量对小麦幼苗生长、Zn吸收及营养液中HCO₃-含量和pH的影响。结果表明,5种基因型冬小麦中,S02-8、远丰998为缺锌敏感型,中育6号、小偃22及西杂1号为缺锌非敏感型,适量供Zn比高量供Zn更有利于小麦生长;低量CaCO₃可在一定程度上促进小麦幼苗生长而高量CaCO₃会抑制生长,缺锌敏感型的生长量显著低于非敏感型,且前者的根冠比小于后者。加入CaCO₃后对各基因型小麦Zn吸收量无显著影响,但随着供Zn量的增加,根系与地上部吸Zn量也随之增加,且高量供Zn时Zn在根部大量累积;缺锌敏感型小麦比非敏感型更易于在根系中累积Zn,而Zn向地上部的转移率远比非敏感型为低,例如,供锌0.082mg/L时远丰998的锌转移率为10.5%,而中育6号则为30.9%。高Zn用量在一定程度上抑制小麦植株对P的吸收,P/Zn随Zn用量的增加而降低。与不供Zn相比,高量供Zn显著降低了小麦植株根系及地上部的P/Zn,而低量供Zn时,地上部的P/Zn仅有轻微的降低。与不添加CaCO₃相比,加入一定量CaCO₃后营养液中HCO₃-浓度与pH值均有较大幅度上升,并且二者均随着CaCO₃加入量增加而升高。在每10 d更换一次营养液的培养过程中,营养液pH值在一日内的波动范围在0.2个pH值单位内,但pH值总体上随着培养天数推移而呈上升趋势,10 d内上升范围在0.79～2.37个pH值单位之间,每10 d为一阶段的培养结束后,不同CaCO₃用量间的pH值差异与开始时相比均大为减小。此外,因高量CaCO₃抑制小麦幼苗生长,加剧缺Zn症状,但又不降低Zn吸收量,据此推测,高量CaCO₃可能通过产生较高浓度的HCO₃-而降低植物体内所吸收的Zn的生理活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zinc is essential for normal growth of animal and plant, but soil zinc deficiency can influence the yield and quality of crop and animal, and also human’s health. The crops growing on calcareous soil easily suffer from zinc deficiency, while calcium carbonate （CaCO₃） affects zinc uptake greatly. On calcareous soil, there is equilibrium between CaCO₃ and bicarbonate （HCO₃-）. Wheat is the most important crop in north of China, and it is mainly grown on calcareous soil. Recently someone report that HCO₃- is propobly the most important reason that affect zinc nutrient. In this dissertation, we added CaCO₃ to water solution to simulate chemical conditions of calcareous soil, so as to clarify the extent of influence to the crop when zinc and CaCO₃ exist together, especially the effect of CaCO₃ on uptake zinc of wheat seedling and HCO₃- concentration and pH. It is important that the relationship of calcareous soil and zinc nutrition can be clarified and also increases the yield and quality of crop. We used water culture method and obtained the main results, which are as follows:（1） In order to study the effects of rates of calcium carbonate （CaCO₃） and zinc （Zn） supplied in the nutrient solutions on growth and zinc uptake of winter wheat plants of five genotypes, as well as bicarbonate concentration and pH value in nutrient solution, the winter wheat seedlings of five genotypes, namely, S02-8, Yuanfeng 998, Zhongyu 6, Xiaoyan 22, and Xiza 1, were mix-cultivated in Hoagland nutrient solution in a greenhouse, and micronutrients were supplied by Arnon micronutrient composition except Zn, and Zn was supplied with three levels of 0, 0.016, 0.082 mg/L as ZnSO4·7H2O, and CaCO₃ with four rates as 0, 10, 30, 60 mg/L, respectively. The results showed that, the sensitivity of winter wheat plants of five genotypes to Zn deficiency was clarified as follows: S02-8 and Yuanfeng 998 belonged to sensitivity-types to Zn deficiency, and Zhongyu 6, Xiaoyan 22 and Xiza 1 were nonsensitivity types, this classification was mainly based on yield of root and shoot, as well as the extent of occurrence of Zn deficiency symptoms. Supplying Zn with low rate was more favorable forgrowth of wheat plants; Addition of CaCO₃ with low rates could promote the development of wheat plants to some extent, whereas, addition with high rate inhibited the growth. The yield of roots and shoots for wheat plants of sensitivity types were significantly lower than that of non-sensitivity types, and also the ratios of root to shoot of the更多还原