【作者】 陈建珍；

【导师】 曹支敏；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 森林保护学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 落叶松-杨栅锈菌(Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. )又称青杨叶锈病,广泛分布于世界各杨树栽植区,可危害青杨派,黑杨派及其杂交杨,甚至胡杨等多种杨树,是杨树锈病中分布最广,危害最大的一种病害。本论文主要是对来自西北,华北,东北和西南等省的多种落叶松—杨栅锈菌进行同工酶分析以及DNA多态性研究,得出如下结论:(1)寄主抗病性调查:杨树各派树种对落叶松杨栅锈菌的感病性差异明显,除美洲黑杨和中绥12号外,所有的杨树品种都不同程度地感染了落叶松杨栅锈菌。杨树抗锈性排列顺序为黑杨派>黑×黑>黑×青>青杨派。(2)DNA多态性分析:用所选出的14条随机引物对13种落叶松-杨栅锈菌进行RAPD分析,发现落叶松—杨栅锈菌菌种之间既有一定相似性,又具有明显的遗传多态性且多态性与地理来源没有必然的相关性,这与以往的结论相一致。在DNA水平上落叶松-杨栅锈菌主要分化成以下四大类:第一类为:GL和CJQ;第二类为:Ts、Tt、Scb和Nm;第三类为:Ha、Hf、H159、ZST、Bqy和Hdao;第四类为:Qh。(3)同工酶分析:3种同功酶(酯酶,过氧化物酶,过氧化氢酶)均能反映10种落叶松-杨栅锈菌(Melampsora larici-populin)存在丰富的遗传多态性,以酯酶最佳,但这种多态性与地理来源没有明显的相关性。在同功酶水平上落叶松-杨栅锈菌主要分为以下四大类:Nm、GL、H159,CJQ和ZST为第一类; Qh和Bqy为第二类;Scb和Ts为第三类;Tt为第四类。该分类结果与以往的致病性测定小种划分基本一致。以上的研究为今后落叶松-杨栅锈菌生理小种划分提供了一种新的可靠的手段,此外也为该菌的的后续的研究以及今后更有效的防治该病害提供了可靠的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. Also Called the leaf rust of populus cathayana, Widely distributes in various poplar transplants of the world, may do harm to many kinds of poplars composed of Tacamabaca,Aigeros,hybridized popular and Diversiform-leaved poplar,it is the most Serious disease and the spread range is also the most.The paper is to research physiological differentiation and DNA polymorphism of MLP。The main result is as follows:1.Investigating the Poplar Resistance: the difference of sensitivity is prominent。Other poplars are infected by Melampsora larici-populina in different degree, except that Populus deltoids and Populus deltoides×P. trichcarpa are immune,The results indicated that their resistance abilities : Aigeros > Aigeros×Aigeros > Aigeros×Tacamabaca > Tacamabaca。2. Analyzing the DNA Polymorphism: 14 random primers were selected to analyze the DNA polymorphism of 13 species of Melampsora larici-populina, the result indicates: The isolates of MLP have resemblance and difference, thee differences reflect the DNA Polymorphism of them。But the Polymorphism is not related to their origin.the result is consistent with departed one.In the lever of DNA,13 isolates of Melampsora larici-populina are divided into four groups:the first is composed of GL and CJQ,the second consists of Ts,Tt,Scb and Nm, the third contains Ha,Hf,H159,ZST,Bqy and Hdao,the last is Qh.3. Analyzing MLP in isozymes level: three kinds of isozymes(Esterase,Peroxidase,Catalase)all can reflect the physiological differentiation of MLP,and the differentiation is more obvious,but not interrelated with their origin,in addition to,the patterns of Esterase are better。In the lever of isozyme,10 species of Melampsora larici-populina are divided into four groups:the first includes Nm ,GL, H159,CJQ and ZST ;the second is Qh and Bqy, the third is Scb and Ts, Tt is included in the forth group。The result is identical basally with past one about pathogenicity mensuration。Above studies will provide a reliable means for latter study of physiological division , establish stable fundation for further study of MLP and controlling effectively the disease。更多还原