【作者】 李英梅；

【导师】 仵均祥；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫综合防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦吸浆虫是小麦生产中间歇性、团块不均匀性猖獗成灾的害虫,广泛分布于北美洲、亚洲与欧洲,美国、加拿大、英国、德国、芬兰等国家均有严重为害成灾的记录。在我国,小麦吸浆虫曾于20世纪50年代和80年代两次爆发成灾,对小麦生产造成了毁灭性的灾害。近年来,小麦吸浆虫大发生的势头虽然得到了有效的遏制,但局部地区大发生的现象仍时有发生,仍是小麦生产中面临的潜在威胁。陕西关中地区是我国小麦吸浆虫发生的重灾区之一。本文通过对陕西关中地区近20年来小麦吸浆虫发生情况的调查分析和对不同时期小麦吸浆虫幼虫体内保幼激素含量的测定,旨在掌握小麦吸浆虫的发生动态、发生与气候条件的关系及保幼激素在幼虫滞育中的作用。主要研究结果如下:1、对关中地区近20年来小麦吸浆虫的发生动态调查结果表明,近年来小麦吸浆虫的发生面积总体表现为下降趋势。相关分析表明,关中地区小麦吸浆虫的发生面积与当年3月份平均温度(X7)极显著正相关,与4月份平均温度(X8)和年积温(X6)显著正相关。2、对陕西关中地区历史上小麦吸浆虫发生较重的长安,周至,武功,宝鸡,凤翔,岐山等县(区)2000年以来春季小麦吸浆虫发生危害动态调查结果显示,近5年来小麦吸浆虫发生危害程度均很轻,按照袁锋教授等(2004)提出的关中地区麦红吸浆虫灾害分级标准,其危害程度均列为I级。3、采用气相色谱法对麦红吸浆虫保幼激素Ⅲ含量测定结果表明,麦红吸浆虫成虫和幼虫体内均含有一定量的保幼激素Ⅲ,但两者含量的差异随幼虫所处阶段的不同而变化。在不同时期的幼虫中,保幼激素Ⅲ含量明显不同,麦穗幼虫与秋季滞育幼虫保幼激素Ⅲ的含量相当,两者的含量均较低;冬季滞育幼虫与翌年春季出土幼虫保幼激素Ⅲ的含量比较接近,两者的含量均较高。若以保幼激素含量较高作为维持滞育状态的指标,说明麦穗幼虫较低的保幼激素Ⅲ含量,与其尚未完全进入滞育状态的事实是一致的;秋季滞育幼虫较低的保幼激素Ⅲ含量与其秋季可以化蛹羽化,属于越夏滞育型,冬季滞育幼虫较高的保幼激素Ⅲ含量,与其冬季处在深度滞育状态的观点,属于越夏-越冬滞育型的特点也是一致的。但对越冬出土幼虫较高的保幼激素Ⅲ含量,目前尚不能给出一个满意的解释,有待今后进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin)is one of the most important insect pests in the wheat production. It is widely distributed in Europe, Asia and North America and its disasters were recorded in many countries such as the U. S., Canada, England, Germany, Finland and so on. There have been two breakouts of the wheat blossom midge in 1950s and 1980s respectively in China. Serious damages caused by the wheat blossom midge have been restrained on a large scale in recent years, but a few serious injuries yet could be found in part areas. The wheat blossom midge is one of the most dangerous pests which should be monitored in wheat production at the moment.Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province is one of the most damaged areas of the wheat blossom midge in China. This paper deals with the occurrence dynamics of the wheat blossom midge in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province in recent 20 years and its change of juvenile hormone III(JH3)determined by gas chromatography in different stages. The main research results are as follows.1. It could be found that the occurrence area of S. mosellana displayed an obviously decreasing trend in recent 20 years. The relative analysis the occurrence area was positively related very significantly with average temperature(X7) in March, and positively related very significantly with average temperature (X8) in April and annual temperature accumulation (X8) respectively.更多还原