【作者】 冯毅；

【导师】 王辉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)对小麦品质有重要作用,小麦品质的遗传改良目前多集中于HMW-GS的遗传转化,将5+10、14+15等优质亚基导入目前主推高产小麦品种,对改良我国小麦品质具有重要意义。本研究选用黄淮麦区大面积推广的9个小麦品种(其中6个为优质强筋品种)和3个(1个为优质强筋品系)正在参加区试的高代品系共12个材料,根据HMW-GS组成的不同组配了18个杂交组合,利用半籽粒SDS-PAGE技术,研究HMW-GS及其亚基组合的遗传规律;以各杂交组合的F2代分离群体为材料,在遗传背景基本相似的条件下研究不同HMW-GS及其组合的品质效应,和在不同遗传背景条件下研究相同HMW-GS及其组合品质效应与遗传基础的关系,从中筛选出可供小麦品质改良利用的优质HMW-GS及其组合,为利用HMW-GS改良小麦品质及品质育种提供参考。主要研究结果如下:1.通过对加代条件下小麦半籽粒SDS-PAGE技术摸索,在前人方法的基础上进行了部分改进和完善,使之更适合于小麦半籽粒SDS-PAGE分析,提高了电泳成功率和效率。2.利用半籽粒SDS-PAGE技术,对18个杂交组合的F1、F2、正反回交BC1F1、BC1F11进行HMW-GS遗传分析表明:(1)普通小麦品种HMW-GS受遗传控制,具有品种稳定的遗传特性;(2)小麦HMW-GS在F1代中呈共显性和倾母遗传现象;(3)控制小麦HMW-GS的基因遗传行为遵循孟德尔的独立分配和自由组合规律。3.谷蛋白溶涨指数(SIG)与微量SDS-沉淀值呈极显著正相关,r=0.9822**,可以代替微量SDS-沉淀值(种子用量较大)进行早代品质性状选择。4.提出小麦品质育种早代品质性状选择方法,在杂交F1代利用半籽粒SDS-PAGE技术,将含有目标亚基的带胚半粒种子播种;F2代单株测定SIG值,选留SIG值高的单株种植成F3代株系,同时结合农艺性状进行田间选择,提高育种早代品质指标选择效率。5. Glu-1位点上的HMW-GS变异对蛋白质含量的影响不显著,蛋白质含量的多少受HMW-GS等位变异的影响较小。在小麦品质育种过程当中,通过改变HMW-GS组成的方式来提高杂交后代的蛋白质含量是不可取的。6.各等位亚基的品质效应,在遗传背景基本相同的条件下,各等位亚基对品质的效应为:在Glu-A1位点: 1>null;在Glu-B1位点,14+15>17+18=7+8>7+9;在Glu-D1位点, 5+10>2+12。相对品质效应高的亚基组合为:1 14+15 5+10、1 17+18 5+10、1 7+8更多还原

【Abstract】 The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in wheat are largely responsible for wheat quality because at present the Genetic improvement of wheat quality is mainly centered on the genetic transformation of HMW-GS. The translation of the good HMW-GS (such as 5+10 and 14+15 etc) into high yield wheat variety is of great significance in improving wheat quality in China.In this research, 12 wheat varieties, consisting of 9 wheat varieties (in which 6 have good quality), which are widely grown in the area along the Yellow River and Huaihe River, and 3 wheat lines (1 has good quality), were selected to form, on the basis of different constituents of HMW-GS, 18 hybridized combinations, to study the laws of heredity of HMW-GS and their subunits by employing the technology of semi-seed SDS-PAGE. hybridized groups of Segregation population of F2 generation being taken as the object, the research is also aimed at studying the quality efficacy of different HMW-GS and their combinations under similar background of heredity and the relation between the basis of heredity and the quality efficacy of the same HMW-GS and their groups under different background of heredity so as to select high-quality HMW-GS and their groups that can be applied to the improvement of wheat quality and to provide reference for improving wheat quality and quality breeding of wheat.The main findings in this research are as follows:1. Half-seed SDS-PAGE method, having been explored and improved in the research, becomes more effective, and the ratio and efficiency of electrophoresis are enhanced.2. The HMW-GS genetic analysis of 18 hybridized F1 and F2 and backcrossed BC1F1 and BC1F11 by using SDS-PAGE method shows: (1) The band patterns of HMW-GS, having the genetic characteristics of variety stability, were genetically controlled but not affected by environmental factors. (2) All HMW-GS can be transmitted to the hybrid F1 as dominance from both parents and a significant effect of female parents was observed in reciprocal F1 hybrid; (3) the genetic control of HMW-GS will abide by Mendel’s laws of gene independent assortment and free combination.3. It indicates that an extremely significant and positive correlation is found between the更多还原