【作者】 王晓娜；

【导师】 张改生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用粘型1BL/1RS小麦不育系ms(Ae.kotschyi)-5-1、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-80(6)、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-偃师9号、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-83 ( 37 ) 65、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-8222、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-77(2)、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-7-21、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-G-136、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-西安9号为基础材料,通过根尖染色体随体、C-分带和基因组原位杂交,对九种粘型不育系进行了鉴定,和确定其以为染色体片段大小.同时选区六个小麦品种(系)与不育系测交,研究了其育性恢复性能,产生单倍体,以及育性恢复性能和产生单倍体与1BL/1RS易位片段大小关系。获得如下结果:1.用羟基脲(HU)和氟乐灵(trifluralin)双阻断法诱导小麦根尖细胞有丝分裂中期同步化,有丝分裂中期指数(Metaphase Index,简称MI)可高达70%～80%。可方便快速的制备高质量的根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体制片。它可以为细胞周期调控、染色体形态构成、染色体微切割、原位杂交等的研究提供很好的材料基础。2.用根尖染色体随体,C-分带,基因组荧光原位杂交对九种粘型不育系进行鉴定,以及初步判断易位片段大小。结果表明九种不育系均为1BL/1RS不育系。5-1、8222和7-21的1R染色体易位片段较小。3.不同恢复系对粘型小麦不育系的恢复度表现不同,且各不育系核型之间差异显著,同一不育系各父本之间也存在显著差异。这说明粘型1BL/1RS小麦不育系的易恢复性与恢复系核基因组成和不育系核基因组成均有关系。4.粘型1B/1R不育系的单倍体频率和其与六个父本测交后F1的单倍体频率无一致的相关性,而是分成不育系高,F1低;不育系与F1基本相同;不育系高,F1更高三种情况。这与不同不育系中大小不同的1R染色体片段和不同的父本核基因型对质核互作产生加强、减弱或无效这三种影响有关。5.由5-1、8222和7-21在C-分带和原位杂交中表现的1R染色体易位片段较小与它们在育性恢复性和单倍体频率中的良好表现相对应,说明粘型1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系恢复性和单倍体频率与1R染色体片段大小直接相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, using nine male sterile lines ms(Ae.kotschyi)-5-1、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-80(6)、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-Yan Shi No.9、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-83(37)65、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-8222、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-77 ( 2 )、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-7-21、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-G-136、ms(Ae.kotschyi)-Xi’an No.9 as the materials. Identify alien chromosome and estimate the length fragment. In addition, choose six wheat varieties or lines as male parents to hybridize with the male sterile lines to study the test crossing and fertility analysis and their relationship with the length of translocation fragment. The results are as follows.1. The method of combined application of hydroxyurea(HU) and trifluralin was selected for synchronization of metaphase cells in root tips of wheat. The result was shown that metaphase index could reach to 70%-80%. It is quick and convenient to make chromosome flaking.2. Using the method of counting satellite chromosome,c-banding and genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosome and estimate the length of the fragment. The result shows that the nine male sterile lines are all 1BL/1RS wheat male sterile lines and the translocation fragment of 5-1,8222 and 7-21 are shorter than others.3. The performance of restoring degree differed in different restorer-sterile lines hybridized with male sterile lines and it is significance of difference among male sterile lines with different nucleus. To analyze in the condition of the same male sterile line, it is significance of difference among male parents. It shows that the fertility restoration was related to the distribution difference of the series components of the fertility gene in individual nucleus of male sterile lines and their restorer lines in different wheat varieties or lines.4. There have no invariable relationship between the frequency of haploid of 1BL/1RS wheat male sterile lines with the cytoplasm of Ae.kotschyi and the hybrids deriving from the male sterile lines and six male parents. A further compare analyze shows that there are there relationships. They are negative correlation, coherence of frequency of haploid and positive更多还原