【作者】 张义英；

【导师】 王俊儒；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 骆驼蓬属(Peganum L.)植物在我国有3种:骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala L.)、骆驼蒿(Peganum nigellastrum Bge)和多裂骆驼蓬(Peganum multisectum(maxim.)Bobr.),该属植物均有毒,其主要活性成分为生物碱类化合物,它们具有广泛的药理作用,其中抗肿瘤活性最为显著,该属的3种植物还是我国沿用己久的民族药。本文拟以植物化学理论和现代化学分离分析技术为基础,采用紫外分光光度法对骆驼蓬、骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬的不同药用部位(茎、叶和种子)中的总生物碱含量进行测定,明确其在3种植物中的分布特征;并利用氯仿.甲醇二元溶剂提取法和GC-MS对这3种植物叶中的可溶性有机组分进行测定分析,比较3种植物叶中可溶有机组分(全组分)的组成差异特征;同时采用抑制菌丝生长法测定了骆驼蓬地上部分(包括种子)醇提物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水等5个萃取部分对番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytohthora capsici)、南瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium bulbigenum)、西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. niveum)和苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mall)等5种常见植物病原真菌的抑制作用;另外,拟采用色谱分离方法对骆驼蓬茎叶中的化学成分进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质测定和波谱分析等对得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。通过上述一系列研究,明确这些资源的化学特征,为深度开发和综合利用这些重要的植物资源提供依据。主要实验结果如下:1.采用紫外分光光度法对骆驼蓬属3种植物的不同药用部位(茎、叶和种子)进行生物碱含量测定,结果表明:骆驼蓬属的不同种植物不同药用部位,生物碱的含量不同,并存在一定的差异。生物碱在同一植株中的分布为:种子>叶>茎。种子中总生物碱含量丰富,平均含量为7.889%。对种子来说,多裂骆驼蓬种子中生物碱的含量最高(8.255%)而骆驼蓬种子中的生物碱含量最低(7.283%);对茎和叶而言,骆驼蓬茎(0.266%)和叶(0.377%)中生物碱的含量最高,骆驼蒿叶中生物碱的含量最低(0.170%)。2.利用氯仿.甲醇二元溶剂提取法和GC-MS分析法对骆驼蓬属植物骆驼蓬、骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬叶中的可溶有机组分进行了检测。共鉴定出85个化合物,在该属3种植物叶中均含有,但相对含量明显不同。即使同种植物不同产地或不同储藏时间的可溶有机组分的含量也有所差异。这些可溶有机组分主要以饱和烷烃、酯类化合物和脂肪酸类化合物为主,另外还有类异戊二烯烷烃、甾类化合物和少量的酮类化合物。其中新疆骆驼蓬叶中非极性部分饱和烷烃和弱极性部分酯类化合物的含量最高,分别达92.44%和85.67%,而在骆驼蒿II(新采)中的含量最低,分别为46.11%和38.289,0,极性部分的脂肪酸类化合物相对含量在骆驼蒿I(储藏一年)和骆驼蒿II中的差别最大,分别为58.46%和93.96%。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are three species of Peganum L. (Peganum harmala L, Peganum nigellastrum Bge., Peganum multisectum (maxim.) Bobr.) in China. These plants are toxic, contain varies of alkaloids with comprehensive pharmacological activities among which the antitumor activity is the most significant. The three species of Peganum L are used as local traditional plant medicines in the minor nations for a long time in our country.Based on the theories and principles of phytochemistry and modern chemical separation and purification methods, the total alkaloids contents of the different pharmaceutical organs of Peganum harmala L, Peganum nigellastrum Bge., Peganum multisectum (maxim.) Bobr. were determined by the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method in order to investigate their distribution in them. The soluble organic composites were analyzed in the leaves of the three species of Peganum L by chloroform-ethanol solvent extraction and the GC-MS analysis to compare their differences between the three. Meanwhile, the fungistatic activitities towards Alternaria solani, Phytohthora capsici, Fusarium bulbigenum, Fusarium oxysporumf. niveum and Valsa mali of the five different polar fractions , petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water from the ethannol extract of the aboveground part of Peganum harmala L. were investigated by the inhibition on the hypha growth. Moreover, several compounds were separated and purified from the solvent extraction from the stems and leaves of Peganum harmala L and their structures were elucidated based on the physicochemical properties and the spectral analysis.The chemistry traits of these resources were clear by a series of research mentioned above, which provide the basic clues for the deep development and comprehensive utilization of these important plant resources. The results were as follows:1. By the ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the contents of total alkaloids in the different medical parts (stem, leaf and seed) of Peganum L were determined. The results showed that the alkaloid contents of different parts in different kinds of Peganum L were not the same. The order of the total alkaloid contents in the same species was as the following: seed > stem > leaf. The content of total alkaloid in the seeds of Peganum L. was the most aboundant and the average content was 7.889%. The alkaloid content in the seeds of Peganum multisectum Maxin was the highest (8.255%) whereas the alkaloid contents of stem and leaf in Peganum harmala L. were higher than that in the other two plants, but the alkaloid content in the leaves of Peganum nigellastrum Bge was the lowest (7.283%).2. The soluble organic constituents in the different species of Peganum L plants were determined by means of solvent extraction and the GC-MS analysis. About 85 compounds were identified from the three kinds of plant’s leaves, but the relative更多还原