【作者】 李谦祥；

【导师】 温嘉斌；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 电机与电器， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 有杆抽油设备,是我国的机械采油井中应用最广泛的抽油设备,游梁式抽油机是最典型的一种有杆抽油机。而随着油田的不断开采,低产井越来越多,油井空抽现象越来越严重。此外,因为油井分布偏远,当抽油机因为故障停机时,不易及时发现,如不及时排除故障将影响油田生产。本文围绕游梁式抽油机节能降耗、提高效率,针对油井的空抽问题和停机监控问题进行分析研究,设计了抽油用自适应电机智能控制系统。针对油田的实际情况和电机输出转矩周期性变化,通过定时测量电机的负载平均功率的检测方法,判断电机负载的变化情况。设计了抽油用自适应电机智能控制器,形成一个动态反馈的闭环控制系统,实时监控电机负载变化,控制电机输出功率变化,达到提高功率因数,节能的目的。另外,针对油井在发生故障停机,管理人员因油井位置偏远而不易及时发现的问题,设计采用短信息模块发送短信息进行故障报警的功能。本文主要完成以下工作:首先,本文综述了国内外抽油电动机的节能方案发展状况,分析了其各自的节能原理和缺点,分析了抽油机的基本工作原理和电机负载的检测方法,结合油田的实际情况,提出了基于负载变化的自适应控制和低负荷间歇工作的电机控制方法;其次,完成智能控制器的硬件电路设计,电机输出功率切换的阈值可进行现场设定;再次,研究了单片机控制短信息模块发送短消息的原理以及其在电机控制系统中的应用,解决了油井故障监控的问题;最后,采用模块化设计方法,把整个系统的设计任务划分成各功能模块,分别对这些模块进行设计,然后将这些模块有机组合,对系统的软硬件联合调试完成设计。在实验室通过模拟实验装置进行测试,实现了控制器根据负载变化切换电机输出功率等级的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The beam pumper which is extensively applied is typical pumping equip-ment with rod.With the constant exploitation of the oil fields, low-yielding well is increasing.In addition, as the oil well distributied remotely, the beam pumper’s parking can not be discovered in time, it will affect oil production. In this thesis, in order to make the beam pumper save energy and improve efficiency, the problem of dry and empty pumping and parking monitor are analysised and researched .Aim at this problem, a new type of self-adaptive power-saving motor system is designed. In this thesis, the design of self-adaptive power-saving mo-tor’s intelligent controller is introduced.Considering the actual situation on the oil field and the motor’s output tor-que’s periodic change, Motor’s load is judged by the regular measurement of the motor’s average output power. A dynamic feedback loop control system is de-signed to real-time monitor the change in the motor’s load and control the motor’s output change to improve power factor. In the event of parking, as ma-nager is far away from wells and he is difficult to discover, the SMS module is applied to give an alarm by sending short message. All the done work as follow:Firstly, the oil pumper’s work principle and the motor’s load measure are introduced, considering the oil-field’s fact, put forward the self-adaptiving con-trol which is based on the change of load and the pump-off control when the motor work at light load; Secondly, the main controller’s circuit and the supervise circuit are designed, it makes the motor’s export power switch threshold can be changed easily at the locale.Again, the theory of the singlechip’s control of the mobile phone to send short message and it’s application in motor control are introduced; Finally, modularization design method is applied to the whole system design is divided into some function modules and modules are designed separately, later, each function module is integrated into the whole更多还原