【作者】 陈洋；

【导师】 赵宏伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 试验以高淀粉玉米四单19、普通玉米东农250和优质蛋白玉米丰禾10为试验材料,研究子粒发育过程中春玉米碳水化合物形成积累规律,揭示蔗糖合成过程中关键酶的调节作用,并比较品种间差异。明确氮素用量对碳水化合物形成和积累的调控作用,从而丰富春玉米生理基础,为高产、优质栽培提供理论依据和技术调控位点。本试验得到以下结论:春玉米吐丝后穗位叶的蔗糖含量和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性呈逐渐下降趋势,随着氮素用量的增加穗位叶蔗糖含量有增加的趋势,但氮素用量达到一定程度以后,蔗糖含量反而下降。春玉米吐丝后穗位叶中蔗糖合成酶活性呈单峰曲线变化,在吐丝后28天活性达到最高,各品种以N200最高,N0最低。春玉米吐丝后子粒中蔗糖含量先增加后降低,峰值出现在吐丝后14天,只有丰禾10N300的峰值出现在吐丝后21天。春玉米子粒蔗糖合成酶活性和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性在吐丝后呈单峰曲线,分别在吐丝后21天和14天达到最高,各品种均以N200表现最好,N0最低。在不施氮、公顷施纯氮100kg和200kg情况下,四单19蔗糖合成酶活性最高。春玉米穗位叶的果糖和可溶性总糖含量以吐丝后7天最高,之后逐渐下降。四单19和丰禾10穗位叶果糖含量以N200最高。穗位叶可溶性总糖含量表现为N200>N100>N300>N0(丰禾10吐丝后42天除外)。春玉米子粒果糖和可溶性总糖含量在吐丝后一直不断下降,氮素用量对子粒中果糖和可溶性总糖含量的影响因品种和时期而异。三个品种春玉米子粒总淀粉、支链淀粉和直链淀粉含量一直呈上升趋势。各品种总淀粉含量以及四单19和丰禾10支链淀粉含量以N200最高,四单19品种间表现最好。四单19直链淀粉含量以N200最高,丰禾10以N300最高。在公顷施纯氮100kg和200kg情况下,东农250子粒中直链淀粉含量高于其他品种。春玉米子粒支链淀粉/直链淀粉比值在吐丝后呈下降趋势。春玉米子粒在吐丝后三个品种总淀粉和支链淀粉积累速率高峰均出现在吐丝后35天,吐丝后14天最小。春玉米子粒淀粉积累速率因氮素用量和品种而异。穗位叶SS活性、SPS活性与穗位叶蔗糖含量在吐丝后14、35、42天呈极显著正相关。子粒SS活性、SPS活性(吐丝后42天除外)与子粒蔗糖含量在吐丝后呈极显著或显著正相关,所以说春玉米子粒中SS活性和SPS活性对增加子粒中蔗糖含量起很大作用。春玉米吐丝后子粒SS活性、SPS活性与子粒淀粉含量均呈极显著正相关,春玉米吐丝后7至35天子粒蔗糖、果糖、可溶性总糖与子粒总淀粉含量呈极显著或显著正相关,所以说提高子粒中SS活性、SPS活性、果糖、蔗糖和可溶性总糖的含量有利于淀粉的积累。胚乳干重占子粒干重的百分比各品种表现为四单19>东农250>丰禾10,三个品种均以N200最高。从最终产量来看,三个品种均以N200处理较适宜。结合产量和方差分析结果得出,东农250品种间表现最好,N200是最佳氮素用量。三个品种最终淀粉含量和产量以N200最高,N0最低。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment utilized high starch maize SIDAN19, common maize NEAU250, good quality protein maize FENGHE10 as materials, studied on accumulation and forming regularity of carbohydrate in the developing spring maize gains, the research indicated that key enzymes had controlled sucrose content in process of sucrose synthesis, and compare with the difference of different varieties. The study showed that nitrogen application rate had an important adjustive function to the forming and accumulation of carbohydrate, it can rich the physiological basis of spring maize and provide theory basis and technical adjustive points for higher yield and excellent quality of spring maize. The main experiment results are as follows.The content of sucrose and the SPS activity in the leaf located near the ear fell gradually after spinning, and increased with the nitrogen application rate in certain range, while decreased caused by excessive nitrogen application rate. The SS (synthesis) activity in the leaf located near the ear appeared with single peak curve, which came to the highest value in the 28th day after spinning, all tested varieties showed peak value at the level of N200, the lowest was N0. The content of sucrose in grains increased firstly after spinning, then fell gradually, the peak value occurred in the 14th day after spinning, only FENGHE10 showed peak value at the level of N300 in the 21st day after spinning. The SS (synthesis) activity in gains appeared with single peak curve, which came to the highest value in the 21st day after spinning, all tested varieties showed peak value at the level of N200, the lowest was N0. And SIDAN19 was the highest under the condition of urea 0kg/hm2, 100kg/hm2, 200kg/hm2. The SPS activity in grains appeared with single peak curve, the peak value occurred in the 14th day after spinning, all tested varieties showed peak value at the level of N200, the lowest was N0.The contents of fructose and total soluble sugars in the leaf located near the ear was the highest in the seventh day after spinning, then fell gradually. Fructose content of SIDAN19 and FENGHENG10 showed peak value at the level of N200. The content of total soluble sugars was N200>N100>N300>N0 (except FENGHE10 in the 42th day after spinning). The contents of fructose and total soluble sugars in gains fell gradually, and the effect of nitrogen application rate on the contents of fructose and total soluble sugars in accordance to different varieties and periods.The contents of total starch, amylopectin and amylose went up in spring maize grains after spinning. The content of total starch showed peak value at the level of N200 in all tested varieties,更多还原