【作者】 于成勇；

【导师】 王安；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验选用168只10周龄健康金定母鸭，采用单因素随机分组实验设计方案，将168只金定母鸭随机分成7个处理组，每个处理组6个重复，每个重复4只试鸭。饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮，在基础dEB值的基础上通过添加CaCl₂和NaHCO₃将日粮配置成dEB值分别为-97mmol／kg、3mmol／kg、103mmol／kg、203mmol／kg、303mmol／kg、403mmol／kg、503mmol／kg等7组。分别从生长性能、血液生化指标、内分泌等方面研究在低温（4±2℃）条件下，日粮电解质平衡值对11-16周龄笼养蛋鸭的影响。 饲养试验结果表明：在低温条件下，饲喂不同dEB值日粮时对笼养蛋鸭的生长性能有着显著的影响，适宜的dEB值范围为103-503mmol／kg，其中以dEB值为303mmol／kg为最佳，当dEB值过低（3mmol／kg组、-97mmol／kg组）时会显著降低蛋鸭的日增重。采食量及饲料转化率各组无显著差异（P＞0.05），但总体上以dEB值为303mmol／kg组的饲料转化率最低。 血液生化指标结果表明：1．在低温条件下，血清中的Na⁺、Cl^-及Na⁺+K⁺-Cl^-含量受日粮dEB值的影响不显著（P＞0.05）；但对K⁺有着显著的影响（P＜0.05），在dEB值升到303mmol／kg时K⁺含量达到最低。2．日粮不同dEB值对血清pH值和二氧化碳的影响显著（P＜0.05），pH值虽然均未出现超出极限范围情况，但只有dEB值为303mmol／kg组的pH值在细胞外液的正常生理范围内；二氧化碳的含量则以dEB值为403mmol／kg组最高，与dEB值为-97mmol／kg组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。3．当dEB值为303mmol／kg时，可以明显地提高血清总蛋白，同时降低血清尿素氮的含量，当dEB值过低时则会对血清总蛋白和尿素氮造成显著影响。4．不同dEB值对血清中葡萄糖、尿酸、阴离子间隙、渗透压、肌酐等影响不显著（P＞0.05）。 内分泌试验结果表明：在低温条件下，不同的日粮dEB值对笼养蛋鸭血清中T₃、T₄、皮质醇的水平有显著影响（p＜0.05），当日粮dEB值为303mmol／kg时，T₃浓度最高，而T₄浓度最低，此时T₄向T₃的转化能力最强，且此时皮质醇含量也高于其他组，说明此时试鸭的抗寒泠应激能力要好于其他组；对于血清孕酮，dEB值较高，则血清孕酮含量较高，差异显著（P＜0.05），即在一定范围内饲喂较高dEB值日粮有助于笼养蛋鸭在育成后期排卵，从而有助于蛋鸭正常的进入产蛋期。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was designed to study the effect of cool temperature on blood indices and productions of cage-rearing ducks in teach period. In this experiment, taking the single factorial arrangement ,the totally 168 Jin-ding ducks with 10 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 7 groups with 6 replicates of 4 ducks. Each group was fed with maize-soybean meal diet consisting of different contents of dEB by adding different contents of CaCl₂ and NaHCO₃ in 7 groups. The dEB contents were assigned to -97 mmol/kg、 3 mmol/kg 、 103 mmol/kg 、 203 mmol/kg 、 303 mmol/kg403 mmol/kg and 503 mmol/kg respectively . By analyzing the results of the production performance、 serum biochemical indices and endocrine, this study was deduced the effects of dietary electrolyte in condition of long-term cool temperature （4±2℃） on gage-rearing ducks at 11-16 weeks of age.The results of feeding experiment showed that there was significant difference （P<0.05） in body weight gain. The feasible range of dEB contents was 103-503mmol/kg, and the best dEB contents was 303 mmol/kg. The body weight gain had significant fall when the contents of dEB was lower （3 mmol/kg group and -97mmol/kg group）. There was no significant difference in feed Intake and feed conversion ratio （FCR, P>0.05）, but FCR of dEB303mmol/kg group was lowest.The results of serum biochemical indices showed: l.there were no significant effects on Na+ , Cl- and Na++K+-Cl- concentration （P>0.05）, but had significant effect on K concentration （P<0.05）, the K⁺contents was lowest when the contents of dEB reached at 303 mmol/kg; 2.there was significant effect on serum pH and carbon dioxide concentration （P<0.05） , the pH concentration was not exceed the limit range, but there was one group （303mmol/kg） which pH concentration were in the normal physiological range; the carbon dioxide concentration was highest when the dEB content was 403mmol/kg, which showed significant difference than the -97mmol/kg group; 3. the diet of dEB-50mmol/kg had significant increase the concentration of serum total protein and reduce the concentration of serum urea nitrogen, but when the dEB content was over low, the concentration of serum total protein and urea nitrogen had significant effect; 4.there were no significant effect on serum glucose（?）、 uric acid 、 anion clearance、 saturation pressure and muscle anhydride （P>0.05）.The results of endocrine experiment showed that there were significant effects on the更多还原