【作者】 韩凤桐；

【导师】 李武；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前胚胎移植技术已经成为一个成熟的技术应用于畜牧业生产实践。大量的生产实践证明繁殖季节绵羊胚胎移植成功率明显高于非繁殖季节。在此背景下,能否提高繁殖季节胚胎移植效率也是影响纯种、良种绵羊快速繁育的重要环节,即在一定时间内最大数量地使现有受体羊受孕。在保证胚胎移植成功率的前提下,充分合理利用受体是提高胚胎移植效率的有效手段,以达到利用有限的人力物力资源创造最大的经济效益的目的。本试验于2003年8~11月份,2004年8~10月份在黑龙江省牡丹江市龙大股份有限公司龙大种羊场实施,针对胚胎移植技术从小规模试验到规模化推广过程中遇到的一些技术问题,在繁殖季节应用自制的释放型孕激素海绵栓及氯前列烯醇(PG-CL)对受体进行同期发情处理后,进行冷冻胚胎移植,对影响绵羊胚胎移植效率及影响胚胎移植成功率的几个因素进行了研究,其中包括:同期发情效果及发情对胚胎移植结果的影响、受体经过一次同期处理后相继三个发情周期的发情规律、不同发情持续时间对胚胎移植效果的影响、不同手术人员操作对胚胎移植效果影响、PG处理对受体发情情况的影响、受体绵羊冻胚移植后妊娠判定分析、不同年份对胚胎移植效果的影响、不同移植批次对胚胎移植效果的影响、卵巢上黄体及卵泡的发育情况对胚胎移植效果的影响。本试验优化了繁殖季节绵羊胚胎移植程序,为其向规模化、产业化商业生产奠定了基础,并得出以下结论:1.利用自制的孕激素海绵栓在繁殖季节对绵羊进行同期发情处理,效果稳定,成本低,是适合于现场生产的有效的绵羊同期发情栓制品。2.在现场生产中如果无法进行公羊试情,可依据同期处理的撤栓时间推算移植胚胎的日期,其对胚胎移植的成功率不会造成显著影响。3.在繁殖季节对大批量受体进行一次同期发情处理后,在第二、第三情期可以对第一情期不适合移植的受体及胚胎移植后返情受体进行再次移植,其仍然能够均匀集中的发情,符合在现场开展大批量胚胎移植的要求,是一种提高胚胎移植受体利用效率的有效方法。4.受体的发情持续时间对胚胎移植成功率无影响。5.在繁殖季节氯前列烯醇(PG-CL)配合孕激素海绵栓使用是调节受体同期发情的有效方法,也是提高胚胎移植效率的有效手段。6.在繁殖季节利用受体在移植胚胎后的第一次发情进行妊娠判定准确性很高,为了节省人力资源可不必进行第二次试情。7.受体羊两侧卵巢上的黄体数目和黄体大小对胚胎移植成功率无影响,其卵巢上只要有单个黄体存在,其分泌的孕激素就足够维持胚胎的正常发育。8.卵巢上有直径在0.1cm以下的小卵泡和一级黄体同时存在不会对胚胎移植成功率造成影响,这样的受体羊可以移植胚胎。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the recent years the technique of embryo transfer (ET) has become a mature technique and has application in the production of the livestock husbandry. Large numbers of practical productions have proved that the success rate of oestrus season for sheep embryo transfer was obviously higher than the non-oestrus season. So how to improve the efficiency of embryo transfer is also an important factor to affect the increasing of pure breed and good breed of sheep. The efficiency of embryo transfer is that make the largest number of receptors being pregnant in the limited time of oestrus season. On the premise of good success rate, making good use of receptors reasonably is a valid means to improve the efficiency of embryo transfer, so to attain goal of making good use of the manpower resources and material resources, and create the biggest benefit. This experiment was carried on at Long Da Stock Corporation of Breeder of Sheep in Mudanjiang city of Heilongjiang province between August to November in 2003 and between August to October in 2004, the goal is to solve some technical problems which are met in the process of transition from small scale experiments into large scale practical use in ET of sheep. In oestrus season we treated the receptors of sheep with self-made releasing intravaginal sponge suppository with progestogen and the hormone of PG-CL for estrus synchronization, and then the receptors were transplanted with frozen embryos. We did some researches about the influencing factors to efficiency of ET and success rate of ET, among them included: The effect of estrus synchronization and influence of receptors’oestrus on ET. The next three periods order of oestrus of receptors after once treatment of synchronously. Influence of different oestrus duration on ET. Influence of different operators on ET. Influence of treated by PG-CL on oestrus of receptors. Judge the pregnancy of receptors after ET. Influence of different years on ET. Influence of different batches of receptors on ET. Influence of different growth phases of receptors’ ovary on ET. This experiment optimized the program of ET in oestrus season, and laid a foundation to the large scale commercial production. The conclusions of the experiment including:1. In oestrus the effect of estrus synchronization is stable by using progestogen sponge suppository of self-made, and the cost is lower. The progestogen sponge suppository is a good kind of product for ewe estrus synchronization and it is fit for locale production.2. Before ET, If can not make use of ram to test oestrus of receptors in locale situation, the date of ET can be calculate by the date of taking away the suppository, and the do not affect the success rate of ET.3. In oestrus once treatment of estrus synchronization to a large batch of receptors, in the second and the third estrus periods the receptors which unsuitable for ET or return estrus after embryo transferred could be transferred embryo again, the estrus order of the receptors is更多还原