【作者】 代树红；

【导师】 潘一山；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 工程力学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 城市地下隐伏活断层能够直接触发地表破裂、地震等多种地质灾害，对城市的地表建筑、高架桥、工业设施、城市生命线等构成严重威胁，因而近年来得到了各国高度重视，也成为了地质力学和灾害力学界的重要课题。地表破裂是断层作用在地表最直接的灾害响应，所以对于地表破裂的研究有助于活断层成灾的机理探讨。本文结合现场资料，通过模型试验对该课题开展了实验室研究，并结合其成灾过程的特点和数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)的基本原理，发展了一套DSCM观测分析系统，该系统被引入了模型试验的观测中。 论文结合城市地下隐伏活断层成灾的现场资料和模型试验的基本原理，设计了走滑断层蠕滑运动引起地表破裂的模型试验，并采用白光数字散斑相关法观测了模型内的地表部分，得到了地表的全场位移量和应变量分布，主要成果为：(1) 设计了走滑断层蠕滑运动引起地表破裂的相似模型，该模型可以有效的模拟断层蠕滑运动引起地表破裂的成灾过程；(2) 采用白光数字散斑法，观测了模型地表的变形场，得到了位移场和应变场的全场分布；(3) 分析了定沉积层厚度条件下蠕滑运动位移量同地表破裂的产生、扩展及成灾程度间的关系；(4) 分析了沉积层厚同地表破裂的产生、扩展及成灾程度间的关系。 论文发展了适用于模型试验过程中进行变形场测量的DSCM观测系统，其主要成果为：(1) 发展了适于模型试验测量的DSCM关键技术，包括分别用于快速预分析和高精度最终分析的相关公式、搜索算法以及亚像素估计算法；(2)设计和实现了用于模型试验过程中进行变形场测量的DSCM的硬件和软件系统，可以完成地质力学模型实验环境下对模型表面内变形场的动态图像采集及按不同要求的处理及分析；(3) 探讨了模型表面散斑颗粒尺度和分布对测量结果的影响，并得到了一个最优设计方案；(4) 分析了窗口尺寸对于精度的影响，并讨论了搜索窗口的平滑效应。上述研究成果为地质力学模型的变形场观测，提供了一种更加适合的测试方法，为通过模型试验方法研究城市地下隐伏活断层的成灾机理提供了有效的观测手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tectonic ground fissures, earthquake etc geological hazards are mainly caused by the underground active fault especially in city, many governments have realized that underground active faults in city is a threatening geological structure, so it has been a valuable subject in geological mechanics. The research has not been systematically studied at present, and a lot of fundamental research should be done. The subject has been studied by modeling test in this thesis, and DSCM(Digital Speckle Correlation Method) is applied in the tests.Modeling test about ground fissure caused by strike-slip fault was designed, and the full field deformation of the ground surface caused by the movement of fault was got by DSCM. The main research achievements about this part are:(1) Designed a model test system, the model can effectively represent the evolutionary process of ground fissure caused by strike-slip fault.(2) Measured the deformation field of ground surface by DSCM, full fields of displacement and strain was got by it.(3) Analyzed the affection of displacement caused by fault creeping movement to the evolutionary process of ground fissure.(4) Analyzed the affection of sedimentary deposit to the evolutionary process of ground fissure.DSCM is improved and applied in model test in the thesis, and the achievements about this part are:(1) Improved key technology of DSCM, so it can be used in model test.(2) Designed a measurement system including hard and soft system,(3) Analyzed the affection of speckle pattern quality to the computing error, and put forward an optimal method.(4) Analyzed error caused by the scale of search window, and discussed smoothing effect of the search window.The above research work carried out in the thesis. It can help us to learn the mechanics of those hazards caused by active faults. The research also proved that DSCM has a bright future in modeling test.更多还原