【作者】 曹卫华；

【导师】 陈国邦；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 制冷及低温工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 热声发动机没有机械运动部件，工质不会污染环境，还可以利用低品位热能驱动。它具有结构简单、运行可靠、无维修工作时间长等优点。采用热声发动机驱动脉管制冷机从室温到低温完全没有运动部件，有望成为稳定可靠的长寿命低温制冷机，显示出强大的生命力和发展潜力，倍受学术界和工业界的关注。 本文首先回顾了热声机械的发展历史及其应用前景，详细介绍了线性热声理论，分析了研究非线性热声理论的重要性，并总结了非线性热声理论的研究进展。在此基础上，重点开展了以下研究工作： 1) 简单介绍了热声模拟平台DeltaE（Design Environment for Low-Amplitude Thermo Acoustic Engines）的理论基础及其操作要领，并分析了它的优缺点。 2) 定义了压力放大器的概念，并分别对光滑理想管道、一端封闭的粘性管道和一端接负载的粘性管道从理论上验证了它们的压力放大作用。将其应用于驻波型热声发动机中，数值模拟及实验均说明：由于压力放大器内部存在较大的粘性耗损，使得其实际最佳长度小于理论值（即系统四分之一波长），而且还与热声发动机的加热功率、工作压力以及负载等因素有关。 3) 对带压力放大器的热声发动机驱动RC（阻容）负载进行了数值模拟和实验研究，并对RC负载法测声功进行了理论计算。理论计算表明：当声容等于声阻（即p₂和p₃的相位差为45°）时，负载入口声功最大。实验结果表明压力放大器不仅可以放大压力，还能提高负载入口声功和热机的效率。热声发动机接入3.45m压力放大器后，其效率由1.45％提高到3.32％ 4) 对带压力放大器的热声发动机驱动脉管制冷机进行了实验研究。实验得到了比无压力放大器时更低的脉管制冷温度和更高的制冷量。当工作压力为2.465MPa时，得到脉管最低制冷温度79.1K，这是目前驻波型热声发动机驱动脉管制冷机所能达到的最低制冷温度。 5) 针对热声发动机接入压力放大器后，其热端温度偏高的问题，根据时均稳流方程（TASFE）设计并制造了一台平行翅片式水冷器。实验中发现：翅片式水冷器可以更多还原

【Abstract】 A thermoacoustically driven pluse tube refrigerator occupies outstanding advantages of simplicity, reliability, stability, longevity and so on, due to no moving parts from ambient to cryogenic temperatures. This new concept refrigerator attracts great interest of academic circles and industry.This paper presents a review of developments and applications of thermoacoustic engines. The linear thermoacoustics is introduced in detail. The importance and development of the non-linear thermoacoustics are briefly analyzed. The following programes are carried out:1) A program named DeltaE is introduced for numerical simulation on thermoacoustics.2) The pressure amplifier is defined. The effects of an ideal smooth pipe, a viscous pipe of one end closed and a viscous pipe of one end connected with load on amplifying pressure are analyzed, respectively. The experiments on a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine have validated that the optimum length of the pipe is far smaller than the calculated one, and related with the input power, working pressure, load and so on.3) The standing-wave thermoacoustic engine driven RC （Resistance and Capacitance） load with the pressure amplifier has been numerically and experimentally studied. The computation reveals that the acoustic power at the inlet of the load is maximum when the resistance is equal to capacitance （the phase difference between p₂ and p₃, is 45 Degree）. The experimental results have demonstrated that the pressure amplifier not only amplifies the pressure ratio, but also improves the acoustic power. The efficiency of the machine with a length of 3.45m pressure amplifier rises from 1.45% to 3.32% .4) The standing-wave thermoacoustic engine driven pulse tube refrigerator with the pressure amplifier has been experimentally studied. A cooling temperature as low as 79.1K with a working pressure of 2.465MPa has been obtained which is about 10K lower than that without the pressure amplifier.5) We designed and produced a finned cooler according to the TASFE (Time-Average更多还原