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普通小麦Brock中一个抗白粉病新基因AFLP分子标记研究

【作者】 朱婕

【导师】 王振英;

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 , 细胞生物学, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 小麦白粉病是一种影响小麦高产、稳产的世界性病害,在我国南北麦区危害程度日趋严重。由于白粉病抗源的单一和重复使用,大部分抗白粉病基因已丧失功能。为有效控制白粉病的流行,必须大力挖掘和利用新抗源,并实行抗性基因累加,以培育抗性持久的小麦新品种。 我们以抗白粉病小麦栽培种Brock、对白粉病敏感且农艺性状优良的品种京411及Brock与015和品种京411杂交、回交7代、自交1代得到的近等基因系(NILs)Brock/015//京4117中选出的抗病优良单株为材料,用AFLP方法标记普通小麦Brock中的抗白粉病新基因。 1.白粉病抗性鉴定与抗性遗传 用15号白粉菌生理小种对Brock、015、京411及NILs进行抗病性鉴定,亲本Brock对白粉菌表现出免疫,品系015及品种京411对白粉菌高度敏感,NILs对白粉菌表现出强抗。Brock×京411的F1代表现为抗病,说明Brock对白粉病的抗性是完全显性的,属于细胞核遗传。F2所鉴定的106个单株中,表现出抗病的有79株,表现出感病的有27株,群体分离比率符合3∶1的分离比,再次证实了Brock对白粉菌的抗性属于显性单基因遗传,表明Brock中所含抗性基因是对当前北京地区白粉菌15号优势小种有效的主效抗病基因。 2.Brock中白粉病抗性基因的AFLP分子标记筛选 利用225个AFLP引物组合对Brock、京411及NILs进行AFLP分析,结果所有AFLP引物组合均可扩增出清晰可辨的带型,有效引物比例为100%。其中有28个引物组合可以分别在抗病亲本Brock和NILs中稳定扩增出特异片段,而在感病亲本京411中未检测到相应特异片段。 3.筛选出的特异片段与白粉病抗性基因的连锁性分析 为检测这28个特异片段的稳定性及其与白粉病抗性基因间的连锁性和遗传距离,我们以抗病亲本Brock与感病小麦栽培种京411杂交,F1代自交后分离得到了79个抗病单株和27个感病单株,用这28个引物组合对它们进行AFLP分析。结果表明,只有引物组合P7/M14和P13/M13与抗病基因有较强连锁性。对于P7/M14,在27株感病株中有2株出现了227bp特异条带,25株未出现该特

【Abstract】 Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis DC.f.sp.tritici, is one of the most serious diseases of common wheat in China and in many other countries of the world. Most of the powdery mildew resistance genes have already been overcome by new virulent E. graminis strains owing to the single genetic resistant source and the repeatable use of it. Discovery and utilization of novel resistance genes, pyramiding of existing ones, and breeding for resistant cultivars have been proved effective ways to control the disease.In this study, a total of 225 primer combinations were screened to identify polymorphisms between the resistant parent Brock, susceptible parent Jing 411 and the NILs of Jing411 using AFLP technique.The main results are as following:1. Response type of plants to powdery mildewBrock, Line 015, Jing411 and 106 individuals which were obtained from hybrid F2 population (Brock XJing411), and their cross, backcross progenies (Line Brock/015//Jing4117) were artificially inoculated with the race NO.15. Cultivated wheat Brock was immune to the race NO.15. Common wheat cultivar Jing411 and Line 015 were highly susceptible to that powdery mildew pathogen. Brock/015//Jing4117 was highly resistant to powdery mildew. F1 (Brock×Jing411) was resistant to powdery mildew. In the test of 106 F2 plants, 79 individuals were resistant and 27 individuals were susceptible, which showed the expected Mendelian ratio of 3: 1.2. Identification of AFLP markers linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene in BrockA total of 225 AFLP primer combinations were screened to identify polymorphism between the resistant parent Brock, susceptible parent Jing411 and the resistant Line Brock/015//Jing4 117, using AFLP technique. All the AFLP primer combinations could amplify clear bands. Among them, only 28 primer combinations could generate reproducible polymorphic amplification patterns between Brock,

  • 【分类号】S512.1
  • 【被引频次】4
  • 【下载频次】136
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