【作者】 郑启恩；

【导师】 李志刚；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 鉴于植物入侵性研究对预测和控制入侵种的重大意义，我们对菊科泽兰属4种植物——飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)、紫茎泽兰(Eadenophorum)和近缘植物泽兰(E．japonese)、佩兰(E．fortunei)的解剖学、生理生态适应性以及进化遗传等方面进行了研究，结果表明： 4种泽兰属植物叶的解剖结构较为相似，气孔向外拱起，表皮细胞单层，上表皮细胞体积明显大于下表皮，叶肉组织胞间隙大，通气组织发达，机械组织退化等这些特征表明，对中性偏湿环境的适应是它们的共同结构特性。飞机草和紫茎泽兰的栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织的比值，角质层，叶厚，主脉厚度等指标均高于泽兰和佩兰，表明前二者正在朝着降低蒸腾，适应干旱的方向演化。飞机草和紫茎泽兰可能比泽兰和佩兰更进化，具有较强的干旱适应性和抗逆性。在干旱胁迫下，4种植物均受到损害，但损害的程度不同，受害程度由轻到重为飞机草)泽兰和佩兰)紫茎泽兰。4种植物光合特征和生理生化的变化与其形态的受害情况基本一致，飞机草在干旱胁迫过程中仍保持相对高的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用率，以及SOD活性、电导率、Pro和MDA含量等生理指标的波动相对较小，泽兰和佩兰居中，紫茎泽兰各项生理指标的含量和变幅最大，反映了飞机草的抗旱性最强，泽兰和佩兰次之，紫茎泽兰最差。染色体分析的结果表明4种植物的核型差异较大，间期核飞机草的染色质为稀复杂染色中心型，更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of plant invasibility has a very important meaning in forecasting invasive species. Anatomical, physiological and ecological adaptability of four Eupatorium species (Eupatorium odoratum, E.adenophorum, E.japonese and E.fortunei) were studied in this paper. The result showed that:Morphological and anatomical structures of four Eupatorium species were similar. The stomata bulged out, the epidermic cells had s single layer and were big in size, the intercellular-spaces of mesophyll tissues were remarkable and mechanical tissues degenerated. These facts proved that neutral and humid habitat were their common characteristics. The indexes such as palisade tissue/spongy tissue thickness, leaf thickness, main vascular tissue thickness and Thickness of cuticle in Eupatorium odoratum & E.adenophorum were higher than those in E.japonese and E.fortunei, which showed the two formers have been evolving in transpiration reduction and adapting to drought. With the decrease of soil water content, four Eupatorium species were damaged, but there were significant differences in damage levels. The changes in photosynthetic, physiological and biochemical characters of the four Eupatorium species were更多还原