【作者】 张玉平；

【导师】 何强；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 开发高效低耗的污水处理工艺对推进我国城市化进程有着十分重要的意义,曝气生物滤池因其具有占地省,处理效率高等特点,受到污水处理领域的广泛关注。对我国中小城镇来说,曝气生物滤池污水处理技术有着广泛的应用前景。随着新型填料产生,如何尽可能发挥曝气生物滤池的潜能,延长运行周期,直接影响着曝气生物滤池的应用与推广。两段上向流曝气生物滤池(TUBAF),实现了功能分区、生物相的分级,第一段培养的优势菌种为异养微生物,主要用于COD的去除;第二段主要培养自养型微生物,用于去除氨氮以及进一步去除有机物,从而使曝气生物滤池获得稳定的、良好的出水水质。试验采用三组不同的填料,从启动性能、处理效果及反冲洗特性三个方面分析了TUBAF处理生活污水的运行性能。酶促厌氧填料试验阶段,在保持BAF C段水力停留时间为4h、6h、8h的情况下,BAF N段水力停留时间分别为2.0h、2.5h、3.0h的9种工况下,分析了反应器对污染物的去除情况。研究发现,TUBAF可以得到较为理想的COD、氨氮、SS去除效果,新型酶促厌氧生物填料用于BAF可以获得比较稳定的处理效果。BAF C段反应器HRT控制在8h,BAF N段反应器HRT控制在3h时,TUBAF反应器COD出水浓度在9~15mg/l范围内,总去除率高达95.7%,氨氮出水浓度在5.5～7.8mg/l,总的去除率达到79.1%,这两项指标均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级排放排放标准。而且BAF C段在HRT为4h时,进水COD浓度为219~313mg/l,出水COD浓度为50~82mg/l,去除率也可以达到70%以上,完全能够满足降低BAF N段有机负荷的功能,从而为BAF N段创造良好的硝化条件。组合填料试验阶段,BAF C段采用半软性填料,BAF N段采用酶促好氧填料。在BAF C段HRT分别为3.6h、4.4h、5.8h、7.2h, BAF N段相对应的HRT分别为2.9h、3.6h、4.6h、5.8h的4种情况下,试验分析了反应器的运行性能发现,反应器的总的最佳水力停留时间为8h,BAF C段和BAF N段能很好地发挥各自的优势,保证稳定的COD、氨氮、SS出水水质,并且能使反冲洗周期延长至10天。与PYC挂膜陶粒相比较而言,酶促好氧生物填料在硝化效果方面有明显优势。对TUBAF运行性能的影响因素分析发现,运行条件和填料对TUBAF处理城市污水运行性能有直接影响。随着污染物容积负荷的增加,TUBAF的污染物去除能力逐渐降低,但进水负荷的增加对COD、氨氮、SS去除效能影响并不显著,TUBAF具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,但工艺的好氧大环境以及后端碳源的缺乏制约了两段总氮去除效果;就COD、氨氮、SS去除效能而言,TUBAF可以承受较更多还原

【Abstract】 To develop city sewage treatment technology which has low consumption and high efficient is very important for the urbanization in China . Biological aerated filter (BAF) has been widely concerned in recent years in municipal wastewater treatment for its advantages of high treatment efficiency and low landuse .To the mall-and-medium-sized towns in China,BAF has a widely applications prospects . With appearance of the new media, how to optimize the potential of BAF, extend the operating cycle , which directly affects the application and promotion of BAF.In Two-sect UBAF to be achieved functional area, the biological classification, the first sect from the edge of microbial bacteria,mainly removes COD, while the second sect trained autotrophic nitrifiers mainly removes ammoniac nitrogen , thereby Two-sect UBAF has stable, good outflow quality. Group tests using three different medias analysis the start-up performance, result of treating the municipal sewage and backwash characteristic about Two-sect UBAF .During the first phase, enzyme-enhanced anaerobic bio-filling was used. HRT of BAF C is maintained 4h,6h and 8h,while HRT of BAF N is maintained 2.0h,2.5h and 3h respectively,thus,9 groups of experiments are designed by controlling HRT. The results show that Two-sect UBAFcan get ideal and stable removal of COD, ammoniac nitrogen and SS .When HRT of BAF C and BAF N is, 8h and 3h respectively, COD and ammoniac nitrogen values of effluent are in a range of 9~15mg/L and 5.5～7.8mg/L respectively which can meet the requirements of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant ,while COD and ammoniac nitrogen removal rates each 95.7% and 79.1%. When HRT and inflow,s COD of BAF C is 4h and 219~313mg/L respectively, effluent , s COD concentration and removal rate are 50~82mg/L and 70%, it will be able to reduce the organic load of BAF N and meet the condition of nitrification.During the assembled media phase, semi-soft media and enzyme-enhanced aerobiosis bio-filling are used in BAF C and BAF N respectively. HRT of BAF C is maintained 3.6h,4.4h ,5.8h,and 7.2h,while homologous HRT of BAF N is maintained 2.9h,3.6h,4.6h and 5.8h,thus,4 groups of experiments are designed by controlling HRT. The results show that when the total HRT is 8 hours Two-sect UBAF can get best treatment effect .In this condition,BAF C and BAF N can exert their respective更多还原