【作者】 曹春兰；

【导师】 胡陈果； 王万录；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 凝聚态物理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 碳纳米管自1991年发现以来,就吸引了众多的科学家和研究学者的注意,超过人们熟知的其它材料。根据其直径和手性参数的不同,碳纳米管既可呈金属又可呈半导体的性质。由于单壁和多壁碳纳米管独特的结构、力学性能和电学性能,在材料和器件方面有着广泛的应用,包括:导电和高强度的复合材料、能量储存和能量转换设备、传感器、场发射、储氢材料、纳米尺寸的半导体器件和探针等等。本论文主要对碳纳米管膜在电解质溶液中的电学性质进行了研究。本文首先讨论了碳纳米管膜电学性质的理论研究。主要讨论碳纳米管膜的导电机理,推导出了碳纳米管膜的电阻率公式,并实验验证了碳纳米管膜的电阻-温度关系。其次对碳纳米管膜在流动的电解质溶液中的电学性质进行了研究。结果发现,当电解液从碳纳米管膜的表面流过时,会在膜的两端诱导出电势,该电势的大小与电解液的种类、流速、质量浓度和温度等有关,并对实验结果进行了理论分析。接下来对碳纳米管膜在流动气相的介质中的电学性质进行了研究。结果发现,当流动气相的介质从碳纳米管膜的表面流过时,会在膜的两端出现电势差,该电势的大小与电解液的种类、流速、质量浓度和温度等有关。我们认为是由于气流流向上存在压力差,导致了温度差,即温差电动势。最后对单壁碳纳米管膜在转动的电解质溶液中的电学性质进行了研究。结果发现,当转动电解液从碳纳米管膜的表面流过时,也会在膜的两端诱导出电势,该电势的大小与电解液的种类、转速、质量浓度和温度等有关。分析认为这是由电摩擦和电子拖曳效应引起的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since they were first discovered in 1991, carbon nanotubes have generated an interest amongst scientists that surpasses almost any other material known to man. Carbon nanotubes can be either metallic or semiconducting, depending only on their diameter and chiralities. The unique structure, mechanical and electronic properties of both the single-walled and multi-walled varieties of carbon nanotubes have led to applications in a wide variety of materials and devices, including conductive and high-strength composites, energy storage and energy conversion devices, sensors, field emission displays, hydrogen storage media, nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, and probes and so on. In this study, electrical properties of carbon nanotube films in electrolyte solution have been investigated.First, electrical properties of carbon nanotube films have been studied theoretically. We discussed conducting mechanism, resistivity formula and studied the relationship of the resistance and temperature experimentally.Then, the electrical properties of carbon nanotube films in flow of electrolyte solution have been studied. It is indicated that the voltage was induced in the films when the electrolytes flow on the carbon nanotube films surface. And the magnitude of the voltage depended on the electrolyte kinds, velocity, mass concentration and temperature and so on. The reason for those results is analyzed theoretically.Further more, the electrical properties of carbon nanotube films in gas flow of electrolyte solution have been studied. It is indicated that the voltage was produced in the films when the gas electrolytes flow on the carbon nanotube films surface. We suppose that the pressure difference along the streamline in the gas flow will induce a temperature difference in the carbon nanotube films along the flow direction. The temperature difference, in turn, will result in a voltage difference, namely thermoelectric force. And the magnitude of the voltage depended on the electrolyte kinds, velocity, mass concentration and temperature and so on.The electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube films in rotational flow of electrolyte solution have been studied. It is indicated that the voltage was induced in the films when the rotational electrolytes flow on the carbon nanotube films surface due to electronic friction and electron drag effect. And the magnitude of the voltage depended on the electrolyte kinds, rotational velocity, mass concentration and temperature and so on.更多还原