【作者】 林聚承；

【导师】 袁祥辉；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 CMOS图像传感器在工业、交通、多媒体、医学等领域有着广泛的应用。CMOS图像传感器是利用成熟CMOS工艺将感光元件和读出电路集成在同一芯片上,具有高集成度、低功耗等特点。本文首先介绍了CMOS图像传感器的发展,阐述了不同像素结构CMOS图像传感器的工作原理以及应用范围。CMOS图像传感器的感光单元一般采用光电二极管,详细分析了光电二极管的工作原理,介绍了现有CMOS工艺兼容的不同结构的光电二极管,说明各自的优缺点,同时阐述了CMOS图像传感器的积分工作原理。读出电路是CMOS图像传感器的重点单元。采用一种新型结构的读出电路,该电路包含一个动态源随器和一个采样保持电容和一个复位开关,结构简单,时序容易实现,并且是单端输出,有着诸多优点。详细阐述了其工作原理,并对之进行了PSpice模拟仿真。移位寄存器在CMOS图像传感器中,用来给像素单元提供选通信号,实现图像传感器的逐位扫描输出。比较两种移位寄存器单元电路,并对之进行了PSpice模拟仿真,准静态CMOS移位寄存器有通用性好、输出时序有交叠、时钟信号要求低等优点。详细介绍了版图设计规则以及版图设计的流程和注意事项。并以1.2μm DPDM N阱标准CMOS工艺为基础,设计了256位的测试样品,给出了测试样品的单元版图以及整体版图,完成了流片。利用CPLD完成驱动信号的设计,并对封装好的芯片进行测试。完成光电转换特性曲线、灵敏度、不均匀性、饱和输出电压、动态范围、功耗等主要的性能参数进行测试,并进行了数据分析。本文主要完成的工作有:像素单元电路设计及模拟仿真,移位寄存器单元电路设计及模拟仿真,版图设计及流片,封装测试,数据分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 CMOS image sensors are applied widely in such fields as industrial, traffic, multimedia and medicine. CMOS image sensor integrates image acquisition devices and read out circuit on a chip with CMOS plane process, which has advantage of high integration and low power consumption.This paper introduced the development of CMOS image sensor, and expatiated the principle and application field of different CMOS image sensor pixel structure. Photodiode has been used as CMOS image sensor image acquisition devices.Analyses the principle of photodiode in detail, introduced different structure photodiode and its characteristic, which is compatible with CMOS process. While expatiated the integrated model principle of CMOS image sensor.Read out circuit is a critical unit of CMOS image sensor. A new type read out circuit is composed with one dynamic source follower, one capacitance for sampling and holding and one reset switch. This circuit has advantages with simple structure, acquiring related timing easily, single output, and so on. While expatiated the principle of the read out circuit, and simulated with PSpice. Shift registers are used as a select signal for pixel unit in CMOS image sensor, achieving scanning output bit after bit in the sensor. Comparing two circuits for shift register, and simulating for each one. Static shift register has advantage with nice currency, fold each other of output timings and acquiring clock signal easily.Introduced layout design rule, flow and notice. A 256 bits test device is designed by using the 1.2μm N-Well Double Poly Double Mental P substrate standard CMOS processes, giving out the layout of the pixel and whole chip, and finished the taping outDesigned the driver signal with CPLD, and tested the chip with package. Be finished the test items are curve of optical to electronic conversion, sensitivity, nonunity, saturation output voltage, dynamic range and power consumption, etc. Analyzed the tested dataIn this paper, the works have been finished such as: design and simulation of the pixel unit circuit, design and simulation of the shift and register unit circuit, design of layout and taped out, package and test the chip, analyzed the test data更多还原