【作者】 曾晖；

【导师】 李志良；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 分析化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着合成药物毒副作用彰显,中药成了世界关注的热点。本文以银杏叶黄酮为研究对象,探索中药提取分离的方法。银杏是我国的特产植物,占世界总量的70%,其叶片含有黄酮、萜内酯等多种有效成分,对于心脑血管、肿瘤、衰老等疾病的治疗和预防具有重要意义,并具有广阔的市场前景。本文采用传统加热回流提取法和新兴的微波和超声辅助提取法研究银杏叶黄酮的提取,采用具有工业应用价值的树脂法研究银杏叶黄酮的提纯,并采用氯化铝-分光光度法,毛细管电泳法和紫外光谱法对银杏叶黄酮进行分析。整个实验过程应用化学计量学方法进行实验设计与优化。1)传统法和新兴法提取银杏黄酮的工艺研究。中药有效成分的提取受制于诸多因素,如提取溶媒的浓度、温度和提取时间等,选择合适的工艺条件,可以取得最佳提取效率,在工业化生产中具有重大意义。因此有必要对提取条件进行优化研究。本文采用实验设计和数据分析等化学计量学方法,通过建立模型求出最优条件,但本文并没有停留在模型建立的最优条件上,而是认识到模型和实际的差别,因此基于模型给出的最优条件,通过进一步实验,如单因素实验、简单的均匀实验等验证模型结果并确立最优条件。利用传统加热回流法研究银杏叶黄酮的提取时,首先通过筛选因子的正交实验L₈（2⁷）,考察可能影响提取率的7个因素乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、液料比、粉碎粒度和干燥温度,从中筛选出5个因素乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、液料比和粉末粒度进行深入全面的研究,采用U₁₆(16¹⁶)均匀设计法作16水平实验,实验结果采用SPSS统计学软件和实验室自行开发的应用程序软件分析建模,得出最优条件的解,再对模型结果进行实验验证,最终提取率达2.78%,最优条件为乙醇浓度为50%,液料比30,提取温度90℃,银杏叶粉末粒度60～80目,时间5h,提取3次。采用新兴提取法研究银杏叶黄酮的提取时,首先采用U₁₆（4⁵）正交设计法研究微波提取过程的4个主要因素乙醇浓度、微波作用时间、液料比和微波输出功率的影响,实验结果通过直观分析,表明50%的乙醇以液料比40的用量于528W下提取15分钟可取得最高2.28%的提取率。超声提取中,通过对影响提取的4个主要因素乙醇浓度、超声作用时间、液料比、粉末粒度进行17水平均匀实验,结果利用SPSS统计学软件和实验室自行开发的应用程序软件进行分析建模,在模型结果的基础上实施进一步实验,结果更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has become the popular spot since toxicity and limitation of synthetical drug is recognized gradually. Extraction and purification of TCM was studied in this paper with flavones of ginkgo leaves as its object. China is home of Ginkgo, 70% of which are grown here. Ginkgo leaves is a mixture of some effective agents such as flavones and lactones, which are useful for cure and prevention of heart disease, tumor and caducity, etc., therefore its product has wide market prospect.In this thesis, traditional method as reflux extraction and newly-rising methods as microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction were researched for extraction of ginkgo flavones and macroporous adsorption resins were applied to purification of ginkgo flavones. Aluminum chloride-spectrophotometer, ultraviolet spectrum （UV） and capillary electrophoresis （CE） were used for analysis of flavones.1) Extraction of ginkgo flavones. Extraction of effective components is a complex process influenced by many factors such as concentration of extraction solvent, temperature and extraction time, thus appropriate conditions are essential to improve extraction efficiency. Here chemometrics was adopted to design experiments and analyze results of experiments to build models, based on results of models, single factor experiments or simple uniform experiments were performed to validate models and find optimal conditions.When reflux extraction method was investigated, a group of L₈（2⁷） orthogonal experiments were first implemented to select from 7 factors and 5 factors of concentration of ethanol, extraction time, temperature, ratio of liquid to solid （L/S） and granularity were chosen for further investigation by a group of U₁₆ (16¹⁶) experiments. SPSS statistic software and applied software developed by our lab were employed to deal with experiment data and develop models, based on which, several simple experiments were done to validate models and get the optimal conditions, that is , concentration of ethanol was 50%, L/S was 30, temperature was 90℃, granularity of powder of ginkgo leaves was 60～80, extraction time was 5h for 3 times, and extraction efficiency was 2.78% under above-mentioned conditions.When new-rising method of microwave extraction was discussed, a group of U₁₆（4⁵）更多还原