【作者】 李杨；

【导师】 宋宗宇；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 我国土地使用制度经历了有偿使用、无偿划拨使用到有偿使用和划拨使用并存的变迁。目前土地使用的“双轨制”虽然克服了传统土地使用制度的某些弊端,但是大量国有土地仍被许多管理不善和缺乏竞争力的国有企业无偿地长期占用,土地利用效率低下,同时,大量的划拨土地和农村集体土地违规进入土地市场,严重干扰和削弱了国家对土地市场的宏观调控。在这种背景下,探索新型的、适合我国国情的土地使用制度已经刻不容缓。为此,我国不少地方开始了土地储备制度的试点工作,并取得初步成效。但是由于缺乏明确的理论指导和规范的运作模式,以及相配套政策和法律保障,土地储备制度运行中出现了许多问题和偏差。因此,对我国土地储备制度及其实践进行深入的探索是非常必要的,这种尝试将有助于分析问题产生的根源和纠正土地储备运行中出现的偏差,有利于建立中国特色的土地储备制度。本文的内容大致如下:第一部分介绍了土地储备制度的历史沿革,分析土地储备制度的含义、功能和特征,从土地所有制度、土地使用制度以及土地储备制度相关法律关系的角度阐述了建立我国的土地储备制度的法律基础,认为我国土地储备法律关系具有民事法律关系和行政法律关系双重性质,而其中的关键环节——土地收购,主要是一种特殊的行政法律关系。第二部分从土地储备的政策目标、土地储备范围、资金来源等方面对国外土地储备实践状况进行了介绍与评述,他们的先进经验为建立我国城市土地储备制度的模式选择、法律保障体系的建立、储备机构的设立、储备范围的选择等方面提供了实践依据和借鉴资料。第三部分选择我国上海市、杭州市和武汉三个典型城市的不同土地储备模式作为研究对象,从土地储备制度的模式、储备机构的职责、土地储备的范围等方面对我国土地储备运行模式进行比较分析,从法律角度剖析了我国土地储备运行中出现的问题,揭示了导致问题出现的重要原因在于相关法律制度的缺失。第四部分针对我国土地储备实践中所存在的问题,分析我我国土地储备制度的意义,通过对土地储备模式的比较,初步设想了我国土地储备制度的构建方案:在政府的主导下发挥市场效用的综合模式,以及其中的基本原则。在土地储备机构的问题上,提出了设立土地储备管理委员会为决策机构、以土地储备中心为执行机构,并认为土地储备的储备范围在满足效率和环境保护的原则下,可以扩大到包括集体土地在内的整个国土,已达到充分利用土地资源的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The system of land-reserve in China has experienced the historical changes from paid use to free allocating use, even to the coexistence of these two. At present, though the double-track system used in land has got rid of some problems of traditional land-use system, most nationalized land is still being free and long occupied by these state-owned enterprises which lack good management and competitive strength, the efficiency of land-use is low At the same time, most allocating land and rural collective land break rules and access into the land market under cover, which seriously disturbs and weakens the effects of macro-adjustment and control to land market carried out by government.In this situation, it is extremely urgent to explore new land-use system conforming to the reality in China. For this purpose, many cities begin to launch a pilot project on land-reserve system, and have got the initial effect. However, as lacking clear theoretical direction and standard working pattern, as well as essential basis of policies and law, there come many problems and deviations in land-reserve operating. So it is necessary to think calmly on the land-reserve system and its practice, which is not only beneficial to analyze the source of problems and correct the deviations brought about by land-reserve operating, but also beneficial to establish the urban land-reserve system with Chinese characteristics.The text is divided into four sectors, besides introduction and conclusion parts. Firstly, it analyzes theoretically the features of land in China, the land-use system, and the land market; elaborate the law basis of establishing the land-reserve system in China.Secondly, this paper gives the deep analysis of land-reserve operating in other countries through the aspects of the target of policy, the extent of land-reserve and the source of capital, which provides the practical basis and examples to establish land-reserve system in China.Then the paper choose three typical cities一Shanghai, Hang Zhou, Wuhan as the research objects, and tries to do comparative analysis on land-reserve working pattern of China through six aspects, such as the nature of land-reserve, the function of reserve institution, the extent of land-reserve and so on. When analyzing the affect of working land-reserve system, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are combined to use,更多还原