【作者】 金涛；

【导师】 吴振廷；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 1中华真地鳖卵发育起点温度和有效积温的研究在室内自然变温的条件下,利用有效积温法则和“最小二乘法”公式统计得出中华真地鳖(Eupolphaga Sinensis Walker)卵的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明:中华真地鳖卵的发育起点温度为13.2℃、有效积温为807.51日度,有效积温预测式为N=(807.51±69.73)/[T-(13.20±1.36)]。据此简要的叙述了在孵化中华真地鳖卵过程中应注意的问题。2中华真地鳖卵质量和发育进度的分级在中华真地鳖饲养池中随机挑选一定数量的卵鞘,依据形态特征对中华真地鳖卵鞘进行质量分级,并选好形态较规则的卵鞘,设置孵化试验,对卵的发育进行分级。结果表明:中华真地鳖的卵块质量可分为3个等级,1级卵块孵化率为83.7%,单个卵块出虫数为9.7个;2级卵块孵化率为58.3%,单个卵块出虫数10.6个;3级卵块孵化率为52.2%,单个卵块出虫数为8.5个。中华真地鳖的卵块发育进度可分为4个阶段,各阶段的发育历期分别为5～15d、15～30d、30～40d和40～50d。在卵的各发育阶段,卵块和卵粒的形态变化较明显。3温度对越冬期中华真地鳖生长发育的影响在恒温30℃、室温10℃和室外变温条件下研究了越冬期中华真地鳖的生长、蜕皮和存活情况。结果表明:在食料充足的条件下,适当加温可增加中、低龄若虫体重,减少死亡率,并可蜕皮,对其生长发育有促进作用;越冬温度对高龄若虫及成虫生长发育的影响不明显,但存活率影响较明显。恒温30℃条件下可使越冬期雌成虫可产卵。4生长繁育期中华真地鳖雌虫产卵习性的观察室内饲养条件下,通过对生长期不同月龄的中华真地鳖雌成虫产卵量调查,记录卵鞘数。结果表明:1月龄至3月龄中华真地鳖的产卵能力较强。因而建议对4月龄以后雌虫进行采收。5中华真地鳖无基质饲养的研究通过设置无基质和有基质饲养条件,研究生长繁育期和越冬期各龄段中华真地鳖的生长、蜕皮、存活率和雌虫产卵情况。结果表明:在食料充足的条件下,有、无饲养基质对中华真地鳖的生长发育无明显影响。无基质饲养的生长繁育期高龄若虫和成虫存活率较高,分别为51.0%和45.4%,并且雌虫的月产卵块数也相对较多,为4.3～5.8个。结果说明了无基质饲养技术可在地鳖虫饲养中推广。6中华真地鳖生殖系统的研究通过解剖分析中华真地鳖雌雄内生殖系统和外生殖器的构造,比较不同生长期雌虫的内生殖系统变化,并依据雌虫外生殖器和最后一腹节的构造叙述了地鳖虫卵鞘的形成过程。结果表明:雌性内生殖系统左右各具卵巢管6条和1条侧输卵管,卵巢萼较宽,无中输卵管;外生殖器由内产卵瓣、腹产卵瓣和背产卵瓣组成。雄性内生殖器由精巢、输精管、贮精囊、射精管、雄性附腺组成,雄性附腺根据颜色可分为3个部分;外生殖器由阳茎、左阳茎叶和右阳茎叶组成,无抱握器。生长期雌虫的内生殖系统的变化表明了雌虫的生殖能力和卵巢及生殖附腺的发育关系密切。雌虫外生殖器、腹末构造与卵鞘表面形态的形成有密切的联系。7生殖期中华真地鳖雌、雄性附腺蛋白质成分分析对中华真地鳖雌、雄性附腺的粗蛋白质提取,采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳试验。电泳图谱的结果显示:中华真地鳖雌性附腺分泌物丰富、左右附腺分泌物截然不同,左附腺蛋白质谱带数为9条,右附腺蛋白质谱带数为5条,分子量均43 000和200 000之间。雄性附腺的不同部分分泌物也有所不同,乳白色腺管部分蛋白质谱带数具6条,而白色突起的腺管部分和淡红色的腺管蛋白质谱带数均为7条。蛋白质种类的多样性表明中华真地鳖的性附腺在生殖中起重要作用。8中华真地鳖雌雄附腺的超微结构观察运用透射电镜,观察了中华真地鳖雌、雄虫性附腺的超微结构。结果显示:雌性附腺腺管分泌细胞含有大量发育良好的粗面内质网,腺管内缘存在很多黑色颗粒和微丝,表明具有较强的蛋白质合成分泌能力,分泌物在此处分泌入腺腔中并很活跃。雄性附腺表面的刺突间有内含物,腺管中分泌细胞中含有丰富的粗面内质网、线粒体、溶酶体,同样表明蛋白质分泌功能较强。研究结果说明昆虫生殖附腺超微结构和其功能具有良好的一致性。更多还原

【Abstract】 1 Threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature to complete development of the egg of Eupolphaga sinensisUnder natural indoor temperature, the threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of the egg of Eupolphaga sinensis were determined through the law of effective accumulated temperature and the least square method. The results showed that the threshold temperature was 13.2℃; the effective accumulated temperature was 807.51 day-degree and the predicting equation of the rate of development was: N=(807.51±69.73)/[T-(13.20±1.36)]. Some points what should be noticed for hatch the egg of Eupolphaga sinensis were suggested.2 The grades of the egg-pouch quality and egg development of Eupolphaga sinensisA number of egg-pouches were selected from breeding pool of Eupolphaga sinensis. Based on the morphological characteristics and the hatch experiment of egg-pouches, the standards of quality and development progress were established. The results classified the quality of egg-pouch into three grades and the development progress into four stages.3 The influence of temperature on the growth of overwinter Eupolyphaga sinensisUnder the constant temperature (30℃), room temperature (10℃) and natural temperature in winter, the weight, mortality and ecdysis rate of the overwinter of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker were investigated. When food was sufficient, increasing temperature may promote growth of the first instar larvae, e.g. increasing weight reducing mortality, and causing ecdysis. The influence of overwinter temperature on the growth of the elder larvae and adults was not significant, but had obvious influence on the livability. The constant temperature of 30℃may result in oviposition of females. 4 The investigation of the female oviposition pattern of female Eupolyphaga sinensis in the growth and reproductive periodUnder the indoor conditions,the oviposition pattern of female Eupolyphaga sinensis was investigated, the number of egg-pouch was recorded. The results showed the female adults of one to three months old had relative great capability of ovipositing. The author suggested that the female adults that were four months old or elder should be reaped.5 Studies on the rearing of Eupolyphaga sinensis without soil mediumUnder the rearing conditions with and without soil medium, the weight, ecdysis rate,livability and female oviposition pattern of Eupolyphaga sinensis in both growth and overwinter periods were studied. The results showed that when food was sufficient, there was no difference of growth of Eupolyphaga sinensis rasied with and without soil medium. The livability of elder larvae and female adults and capability of oviposition of female adults were rather high. The experiments indicated that the rearing technique without soil medium should be applied in rearing of Eupolyphaga sinensis.6 Studies on the reproductive system of Eupolyphaga sinensisThe tissue of inner reproductive system and the structure of outer reproductive organ were studied. The ovarian development of Eupolyphaga sinensis in different growth periods was analyzed. The outer reproductive organ and the relationship between conformation of the ninth abdomere and egg pouch were discussed. The results showed: The female inner reproductive system included 6 overioles and 1 lateral oviduct in the both side but have no median oviduct. The female outer reproductive organ composed by dorsal ovipositor, abdomen ovipositor and inner ovipositor. The male inner reproductive system included testis, seminal duct, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and male accessory gland, and based on the colour the male accessory gland would be separated into 3 parts. The male outer reproductive organ composed by right phallomere, distiphallus and left phallomere but have no clasper. The varietions of the reproductive system of growth-season Eupolyphaga sinensis indicated that the development of overiole and accessory gland had influence on the reproduction ability. There was close relationship between the outer reproductive organ and the structure of abdominal end of female adults and the surface conformation of egg-pouch.7 Studies on protein of accessory gland of Eupolyphaga sinensis in reproductive periodCrude proteins were extracted from the accessory gland of Eupolyphaga sinensis. With the experiment of SDS-Page, Electrophoretogram was established. The results showed that the secretions of accessory gland of female Eupolyphaga sinensis were richful, the left and the right secretions of the accessory gland of female adult were different. Each part of the accessory gland of male adult had different secretions. The function of the accessory gland indicated the great significance in the process of reproduction.8 Ultramicroscopic structure of accessory gland of Eupolyphaga sinensisThe female and male gland accessories of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The ultramicroscopic structure of female accessory gland showed that many well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, melanin granules and microfilaments were existed in the adenous duct. It indicated that these secretory cells were involved in protein synthesis,and synthesized substance was secreted into gland lumen in this region. The space between the spikes in the male accessory gland had inclusion. Many rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrium and lysosome existed in the secretory cell of gland lumen. It also testified the function of protein synthesis of male accessory gland. The studies showed that the ultrastructure and function of female and male accessory gland had oblivious relationships.更多还原