【作者】 姜文；

【导师】 姚大年； 张文明；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选用10个在生产上推广的小麦品种：烟农19、安农92484、皖西8906、皖麦19、豫麦18、偃展4110、内乡188、扬麦12、淮麦20、郑麦9023为材料。通过研究新种子和陈种子5种常用的室内活力测定指标与田间成苗率的相关关系，探讨测定小麦种子活力的较为准确、有效的方法。在此基础上，研究小麦新、陈种子过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和脱氢酶活性的变化，探讨小麦种子酶活性与种子活力的关系。进一步研究种子萌发过程中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量的变化及降解速率，探讨小麦种子活力的生理生化机理和活力测定的新方法。1．5种不同活力测定方法所测得的小麦种子(新种子和陈种子)活力结果趋势不完全一致，有些指标所反映的活力水平差异较大。2．电导率与田间成苗率及其它指标间的相关关系均不显著。幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验、模拟田间出苗试验的种子活力测定结果均与田间成苗率呈显著或极显著正相关，抗冷测定出苗率与田间成苗率呈极显著正相关。根据本试验结果，认为除电导率外，其它4种测定方法均可作为检测小麦种子活力的有效方法。3．过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和脱氢酶活性在品种间有较大差异，且小麦陈种子的酶活性低于新种子。脱氢酶活性与活力指数呈显著正相关，可以作为评定种子活力的指标之一。4．不同品种的小麦种子大小与种子贮藏蛋白含量呈极显著正相关，种子大小和贮藏蛋白含量均与种子活力呈负相关，但不显著。5．不同活力水平小麦种子萌发过程中，贮藏蛋白含量的动态变化及降解速率表现为：高活力种子烟农19的醇溶蛋白含量变化明显，降解较快，到第7d时新种子的蛋白含量降解了95.32％，陈种子降解了88.94％；低活力种子郑麦9023的醇溶蛋白含量变化不大，且降解迟缓，到第7d时新种子醇溶蛋白降解了67.39％，陈种子只降解55.47％。高活力种子烟农19与低活力种子郑麦9023的谷蛋白的含量在萌发第3d变化较明显，此后至第7d变化不大。根据本试验结果，可以推测，不同基因型的不同活力水平小麦种子萌发过程中，高活力种子的醇溶蛋白利用效率明显高于低活力种子，同一品种的新种子也高于陈种子。6．SDS-PAGE电泳图谱对小麦种子活力水平的反映不明显，A-PAGE电泳图谱可以反映小麦种子的活力水平，主要体现在小麦种子萌发第3d时分子量大的醇溶蛋白亚基谱带的多少以及第7d的谱带差异上。高活力种子烟农19在萌发生长过程中，醇溶蛋白中分子量较大的蛋白质在吸胀后第3d已开始降解，第7d完全降解。而活力弱的郑麦9023种子在吸胀后第7d，谱带仍清晰可见。根据本试验结果，可以推测，不同活力水平小麦种子随着萌发天数的增加，高活力种子醇溶蛋白中分子量较大的蛋白质的降解速度明显快于低活力种子，同一品种的新种子也快于陈种子。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ten wheat cultivars (Yannong19, Annong92484, Wanxi8906, Wanmai19, Yumai18, Yanzhan4110, Neixiang188, Yangmai12, Huaimai20, Zhengmai9023) were used as materials in the experiment and their seed vigor were tested by ways of seedling growth test, electrical conductivity test, accelerated ageing test, cold test, etc. More suitable methods for testing seed vigor of fresh wheat and stored wheat were found by analyzed the correlation and regression relationship between different seed vigor indexes and seedling rate of field condiction. On the base of it ,the change of several enzymes (POD, CAT, SOD, TTC) activation in relation with different seed vigor level of different wheat were researched. the change of storage protein content and its subunit degradation rate in relation with different seed vigor level of different genotypes of wheat were further researched, and provided referenced basis for realizing the innate character of seed vigor in wheat.1. There were different trendency among the results of seed vigor measured by five ways. And some indexes which could reflect the level of seed vigor are significantly different.2. The electrical conductivities is not significant correlation to seedling rate of field condiction and other seed vigor indexes. The results of seedling growth test, accelerated ageing test, simulated seedling rate of field condiction high significantly correlated with seedling rate of field condiction. There were high significantly positive correlation between cold test and seedling rate of field condiction. According to this experiment, all ways expect electrical conductivities were available for determinating seed vigor of soybean.3. The activations of POD, CAT, SODandTTC were significantly different in different varieties. And several enzymes activation in fresh wheat was lower than those in stored wheat.The activation of TTC was high significantly correlated positively with seed vigor, and it was the necessary index in seed quality tests.4. Seed size high significantly correlated with Gliadins and Glutenins. But seed size and storage protein content of different genotypes of wheat did not correlated with seed vigor.5. High, medium and low vigor wheat seeds were obtained. The content of protein in high vigor seeds declined more rapidly than that in low vigor seeds during the process of germination, and in fresh wheat declined more rapidly than in stored wheat too.Gliadin protein degradation rate in high and low seeds at 7th day after germination were different, the declined efficiency of Gliadin protein in high vigor fresh and stored seed (Yannong19) was 95.32% and 88.94% respectively, but only 67.39% and 55.47% in low vigor fresh and stored seed (Zhengmai9023). Glutenin protein degradation rate in high and low seeds at 3th day after germination was rapid, but the change of Glutenin protein was not obvious from the 3 th day to the 7th day.6.The SDS-PAGE of wheat protein showed that the level of seed vigor in wheat was not obvious on the basis of their electrophoregrames.But the A-PAGE of wheat protein showed that the level of seed vigor in wheat could be differentiated . A-PAGE of Gliadin protein showed that Gliadins in high vigor seeds were first mobilized at 3th day’s germination, they disappeared at 7th day; Gliadins in low vigor seeds still existed at 7th day. In high vigor seed, Gliadin protein declined more rapidly than low vigor of seeds, and the band color in high vigor one was lighter than low vigor seeds; Gliadin protein of fresh wheat declined more rapidly than stored wheat too.更多还原