【作者】 田方鑫；

【导师】 丁玉洲；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在对宣城市木瓜生产基地不同管理水平下的木瓜林节肢动物群落的全年样株跟踪调查的基础上,系统分析了两种不同管理水平木瓜林节肢动物群落结构及其时空动态变化,并利用群落分析、方差分析、聚类分析、通径分析等数学分析方法,分析研究了宣木瓜林节肢动物群落的相互比较关系,群落结构以及随时间的动态。1.将A,B两种管理类型木瓜林的群落结构性指数进行T检验,分析他们之间的差异性,结果表明除个体数与均匀度外,其它指标无显著性差异。将不同林地的调查结果进行方差分析,表明管理粗放和管理精细林地之间在群落数个体数量上以及在群落均匀度上差异显著。2.根据宣木瓜林节肢动物的营养和取食关系,将群落划分为植食类、捕食类、寄生和中性类亚群落。两块木瓜林共调查得到节肢动物115余种。A型管理粗放的木瓜林有89种,总个体数是7018头,分属于45个科,其中植食类的54种分属于21科,捕食类28种分属于19科,中性及寄生类7种分属于5科。B型管理精细的木瓜林共有87种,总个体数是5136头,分属于43科。其中植食类53种分属于20科,捕食类26种分属于17科,中性及寄生类8种分属于6个科。其中优势害虫是桃蚜(Myzus persicae),主要的优势天敌是草间小黑蛛(Erigonidium graminicoium),中华草蛉(Chrysopa sinica Tjeder)。各亚群落的相对丰盛度表现为植食类>捕食类>寄生及中性类。优势集中性表现为植食类>捕食类>中性及寄生类。3.两种管理水平宣木瓜林节肢动物亚群落多样性和均匀度的季节动态与总群落基本一致,整体趋势上是呈现振荡下降的形式。管理粗放林地群落多样性指数H’同物种数(S)、个体数(N)、优势度(d)、优势集中性指数(C)、均匀度(J)和物种丰富度(R)关系密切,通径分析结果表明,多样性(H’)同个体数(S)为0.65651、丰富度度(R)为0.6389关系最为密切。4.对A型管理的木瓜林群落进行聚类分析D=1.75时,总群落分为4类;Ⅰ类:3月、8月、7月;Ⅱ类:4月、9月、10月、6月、11月;Ⅲ类:5月;Ⅳ类:12月。对B型管理的木瓜林群落进行聚类分析D=1.87时,总群落分为4类;Ⅰ类:3月、11月、4月,7月;Ⅱ类:5月,9月;Ⅲ类:12月;Ⅳ类:6月,8月,10月。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the thorough investigation, the dynamics of the arthropod communities in two different management level and interaction of main insects with its natural enemies were studied by means of community analysis, path analysis and geostastics. System research the group falls the structure of papaya of xuan forest .1 T-test of the arthropod community in A-B different management forest.The result showed that only individual and pielou evenness have significance.others diversity index of arthropod community have no significance. Variance analysis of different management forest.The result showed that the species between the control field and no control field have significance with net research,the species were no significance in dynamics of arthropod communities.2 The arthropod community was divided into three sub-communities, which were phytophages, predators, parasitoids and neutralities. The results were showed 115 species in papaya of xuan forest.In management badly A forest 89 species arthropod belonging to 45 families and 54 species of phytophages belonging to21 families ,28 species of predators belonging to 19families. In management B well forest 87 species arthropod belonging to 43 families and 53 species of phytophages belonging to20 families ,26 species of predators belonging to 17families.The Superiority harmful insectis M.persica.Main Superiority natural enemy is Erigonidium graminicoium and Chrysopa sinica Tjeder. Dominance of every sub-community showed phytophages> predators > Parasitic and neutrality. and dominant concentration of every sub-community showed phytophages > predators >Parasitic and neutrality.3. In different papaya forest, the seasonal dynamics of sub-communities was in consistent with the total community; the tendency was from high to low, to high again. Hill diversity index was in relation to species, individuals, dominance, dominant concentration, Pielou evenness and species richness. Hill diversity index was most relative with individual (0.65651)、species richness.( 0.6389) by path analysis.4. Diversity indexes of arthropod communities in manages extensively A were analyzed by clustering and optimization partitions.D=1.75 Total community were divided into four stages.The first stages inclubed Macth, August and July.The second stages inclubed April, Septeber,Octeber,June,November.The third stages inclubed May,the forth stages inclubed December . In manages well B forest were analyzed by clustering and optimization partitions.D=1.87 Total community were divided into four stages.The first stages inclubed Macth, November, April, July..The second stages inclubed May Septeber.The third stages inclubed December.the forth stages inclubed June August Octeber.更多还原