论商标的反向假冒及法律规制

【作者】 张瑞华；

【导师】 党伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 反向假冒(Reverse Passing Off)是从假冒(Passing Off)一词演进而来的。美国的反向假冒理论比较发达，反向假冒学说仅仅在近20年才逐步形成的，但法院对反向假冒案件的斗争却持续了整整一个世纪。商标反向假冒行为，即未经他人许可，行为人利用他人产品声誉，在合法购得他人的产品后，去除原商标在无任何标志的情况下出售，或者撤换掉原商标换上自己的商标再出售的行为。美国法学界将该行为分为显性反向假冒(Express Reverse Passing Off)和隐性反向假冒(Implied Reverse Passing Off)。前者是指未经权利人允许，撤下原始商标，重新换上新商标予以出售的行为。而后者是指撤下商品的合法商标并进行无商标出售的行为。 我国自1994年出现了“枫叶”诉“鳄鱼”不正当竞争案以来，在经济学界、司法界引起了对商标反向假冒问题的广泛关注和激烈讨论。争论的焦点在于此种行为是商标侵权还是不正当竞争。由此不难发现，商标反向假冒行为已成为经济领域中的一个突出问题。因此，我们有必要加强对商标反向假冒行为的研究和完善商标反向假冒的立法，以充分维护我国经济主体在国际经济活动中的合法权益。 本文共分为四大部分。第一章商标反向假冒的概述，论述了反向假冒的概念、行为表现形式和构成要件，对反向假冒进行了基本地介绍和分析，是探讨商标反向假冒的基础。 第二章反向假冒学说的发展，主要回顾了美国反向假冒学说的发展进程，同时指出了我国对商标反向假冒理论的态度。 第三章商标反向假冒行为的性质。首先对商标权的内容作了进一步的介绍，进而分析了反向假冒行为的性质，并对商标反向假冒行为进行了经济分析和知识产权分析。这是本文的写作重点，也是以下部分讨论的前提。 第四章阐述了商标反向假冒行为的法律规制及其意义，对我国商标反向假冒做出的立法选择提出建议和完善措施，这是本文写作的最终目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reverse Passing Off is evolved from the word of Passing Off. The theory of reverse passing off is relatively advanced in America. Though the theory of reverse passing off was gradually formed only in recent twenty years, the struggle against the reverse passing off cases persisted in the whole century for court. Reverse passing off of trademark , namely, is an act by which someone, not allowed, takes advantage of the fame of product that belongs to other person, after legally purchasing products, he removes original trademark used on a certain commodity .then sales them again to the market without any mark or with his own trademark. In America the field of law divides the act into Express Reverse Passing Off and Implied Reverse Passing Off. The former is that not permitted by the person with rights, someone removes original trademark and sends it to the market with his own trademark. The latter is that someone removes original legal trademark and sales products again without trademark.In 1994 it appeared that unfair competition case which the maple leaves sued the crocodile in our country. Later on it resulted in extensive attention and fierce discussion about reverse passing off of trademark in the fields of economics and justice. The focus disputed rest in infringement of trademark right or unfair competition. So it’s not difficult to find that reverse passing off of trademark has become an outstanding problem in the field of economy. In conclusion, it’s necessary to strengthen the research on reverse passing off of trademark and perfect legislation to effectively maintain their legal rights and interests for our country’s economic main part in the global economic activities.There are four parts in the paper. The first chapter is the summarization about reverse passing off of trademark, discussing the concept of reverse passing off、 its forms and elements. It fundamentally introduces and analyses reverse passing off. This part is the basis to explore reverse passing off of trademark.The second chapter is the development about the theory of reverse passing off.更多还原