【作者】 阎秋洁；

【导师】 尚勋武；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以十个对条锈病抗性不同的冬小麦品种为材料,在条锈病的常发易变区之一的天水连续三年进行了小麦成株期发病情况及其特点的研究,比较了反应型、严重度、终期严重度、普遍率、病情指数、病程曲线下面积、相对病程曲线下面积年度内和年度间的差异和联系。并通过对产量及千粒重、穗粒数、有效小穗数率受病害后的变化情况以及出粉率、蛋白质含量变化的分析,进一步揭示持久抗病性的抗病机制。选取斯汤佩利×辉县红的杂交组合,对其进行F1群体和F2群体的抗条锈性鉴定,利用F2群体的极抗株和极感株的DNA建立抗感池,用集群分析法(BSA)进行SSR标记分析,寻找与抗病基因连锁的标记,以期为小麦持久抗条锈性分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。主要结果如下:斯汤佩利、里勃留拉、武都白茧和咸农4号表现出病情发展缓慢,最终严重度、终期普遍率及病情指数低,其他品种则均有一个快速的增长期,最终严重度、终期普遍率及病情指数均达到最大值。斯汤佩利、里勃留拉和武都白茧在不同年份和地点都表现较为稳定的低反应型、低严重度和低普遍率,为持久抗条锈品种。咸农4号为耐锈性品种。各品种的反应型年度间变化不大,严重度和普遍率03和04年基本保持稳定,05年严重度和普遍率较前两年有所上升。相对病程曲线下面积和最终严重度二者相关系数为0.98,说明以后可以通过直接调查最终严重度来鉴定冬小麦品种的慢锈性。受条锈菌侵染后,小麦的产量损失率与病情曲线下面积成显著的正相关。感病品种产量损失率和千粒重损失率高于抗病品种。穗粒数和有效小穗数不能作为小麦抗条锈病的鉴定指标。小麦受条锈病侵害后,出粉率下降,蛋白质含量上升。斯汤佩利×辉县红F1群体33株表型全抗和F2群体148株9抗:7感的分离比例,符合两对显性基因互补作用的遗传规律(χ2=1.07,P>0.900)。但是抗病性是否由微效基因控制、基因间的显隐性关系如何还需要进一步的分析和鉴定。引物WMC25的扩增产物在抗感池间有差异,但是在群体中却没有表现出来和抗病基因连锁,有待于进一步的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ten winter wheat varieties which have different resistance to stripe rust were selected as the material in this study. In Tianshui, which is regard as one of the stripe rust aberrance with high frequency, the research of wheat characteristics infected strip rust during wheat adult plant stage was conducted. The infection type, severity, final severity, incidence, disease index, area under disease progress curve, the relative area under disease progress curve were compared with by investigation in 2003-2005. In order to detect the mechanism of durable resistant wheat cultivars to strip rust, the output, kernel weight, grains per spike, available spike lets per spike ratio, flour yield and protein content were explored, too. At the same time, chosen the hybrid combination of N.Strampelli×Huixianhong, the resistance to stripe rust in its F1 and F2 progenies were identified. Establishing the resistance pool and susceptible pool with the most resistance and the most susceptible plant in F2 progenies, and using BSA method to analysis SSR markers and to find the markers linked to resistance genes. All of these were looking forward to offer a theory index to identify durable resistant cultivars molecular mark assistance breeding. The main results as follows:N.Strampelli, Libellula, Wudubaijian and Xiannong 4 show a slow disease development and low final severity, low final incidence. Other varieties had a fast increasing period, final severity, final incidence and disease index all achieved the maximum value. N.Strampelli, Libellula and Wudubaijian displayed a more stable low infection type, low severity and low incidence. These are durable resistance wheat cultivars to stripe rust. Xiannong 4 is a tolerance varieties. There are little variation among 2003, 2004 and 2005. The severity and the incidence were stable between 2003 and 2004, and rose in 2005. Correlation coefficient between relative area under disease progress curve and final severity is 0.98, indicated that we can identify slow rust by investigating final severity directly.After wheat infected by the strip rust-fungus, the output damage ratio and area under disease progress curve become the remarkable correlation. The output loss factor and the weight of a thousand seeds loss factor of susceptible varieties high the resistance varieties. Grains per spike and available spike lets per spike ratio cannot take the wheat anti- strip rust the identification Indexes. After wheat infected by the strip rust-fungus, the flour yield has dropped, protein content has risen.The F1 progenies of N.Strampelli×Huixianhong have 33 plants, there are all resistance to stripe rust. There are 148 plant in its F2 progenies, which ratio of resistance and susceptible is 9:7 corresponding with the heredity rules of two pairs of dominant resistance genes(χ2=1.07,P>0.900). But whether the resistance genes controlled by minor genes, and how are the relations between dominant genes and recessive genes are need to more analysis and identify. The amplication product of the primer WMC25 shows differences between the resistance pool and susceptible pool, but it didn’t shows linked to the resistance gene. More researches are needed to find the resistance genes of N.Strampelli.更多还原