【作者】 成娟；

【导师】 张金文；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)在低温贮藏下会造成块茎中还原糖含量增加,高温加工时这些还原糖与食用油中的游离氨基酸发生“Maillard反应”产生褐化物质,严重影响马铃薯油炸制品的外观品质和食用品质。因此,选育还原糖含量低并耐低温贮藏的品种,对马铃薯贮藏和加工都具有十分重要的意义。本试验以转酸性转化酶(Acid invertase, AcInv, Ac)反义基因的大西洋(Atlantic)、台湾红皮(Cardinal)、甘农薯1号(Gannongshu No.1)、甘农薯2号(Gannongshu No.2)和费乌瑞它(Favorita)五个品系为试验材料,对转基因马铃薯品系的块茎抗低温糖化特性及品质做了初步探讨。结果表明:在生物学性状上,与各未转基因对照(受体品系)相比,“Ac转大西洋”和“Ac转甘农薯2号”转基因品系的生长势较旺,叶片和薯型有一定变异。与各未转基因对照相比,“Ac转大西洋”、“Ac转台湾红皮”和“Ac转甘农薯2号”单株结薯数有所减小,“Ac转甘农薯1号”单株产量略低;转AcInv反义基因各品系亩产量和商品薯率均比对照有不同程度的增加。在低温贮藏条件下,块茎干物质含量虽因材料不同而上下有所波动,但总体来说变化幅度不是特别明显。在低温贮藏期内,各品系块茎淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量总体上呈下降趋势,转基因品系比对照降低幅度要小;直链淀粉含量总体呈逐渐上升的趋势,转基因品系比对照上升的幅度要小。随着贮藏时间的延长,所有材料的直链/支链淀粉含量比值呈上升趋势,转基因品系上升幅度较为平缓。随着低温贮藏时间的延长,还原糖含量发生一系列变化,总体上呈逐渐上升趋势,各品系中转基因块茎还原糖升高的幅度比对照要明显减小。在整个低温贮藏期间,“Ac转大西洋”、“Ac转台湾红皮”、“Ac转甘农薯1号”、“Ac转甘农薯2号”和“Ac转费乌瑞它”块茎平均还原糖含量比各对照分别要低12.20%、4.88%、14.63%、8.11%和12.12%。低温贮藏105d时,“Ac转大西洋”、“Ac转台湾红皮”、“Ac转甘农薯1号”、“Ac转甘农薯2号”和“Ac转费乌瑞它”的还原糖含量比相应对照低6.34%、1.61%、10.00%、2.50%和12.73%,对块茎“低温糖化”现象产生了一定的抑制作用。在低温贮藏期间块茎淀粉酶活性随时间的增长均表现出增加的趋势,各品系转基因块茎淀粉酶活性与对照无明显差异。转基因各品系与对照块茎淀粉磷酸化更多还原

【Abstract】 Reducing sugar accumulated in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers will increased during storage in low temperature , and produce dark color of chips known as“Millard”reaction which react with the free animo acid of oil when fry in high temperature. It seriously affects appearance quality and edible quality of the potato products. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate new lines which tolerance low-temperature sweetening.In this paper, transgenic lines of potato tubers of Atlantic, Cardinal, Gannongshu No.1, Gannongshu No.2 and Favorita were used as materials. The objective of this study was to analyze the characters of tolerance low-temperature sweetening and qualities in potato tuber. The major results are as following:In the biology character, the transgenic line“Anti-AcInv Atlantic”and“Anti-AcInv Gannongshu No.2”grew stronger, the shape of tuber and leaf were some different from the control.Compared with the control, the potato number per plant of transgenic line“Anti-AcInv Atlantic”,“Anti-AcInv Cardinal”and“Anti-AcInv Gannongshu No.2”decreased, and yield per plant of“Anti-AcInv Gannongshu No.2”decreased, the yield per acre(kg/666.7m2) and commodity potato rate of all transgenic lines increased.The dry material content of transgenic tubers remained constantly or varied slightly, the total starch and the amylopectin decreased gradually, and the proportions of amylase and amylopectin were lower in the transgenic lines than the non-transgenic lines (CK).The reducing sugar content increased but the extents of increasing of lines were inferior to the control. During storage at low temperature, the mean of the reducing sugar content of“Anti-AcInv Atlantic”,“Anti-AcInv Cardinal”,“Anti-AcInv Gannongshu No.1”,“Anti-AcInv Gannongshu No.2”and“Anti-AcInv Favorita”were lower 12.20%, 4.88%, 14.63%, 8.11% and 12.12% than the non-transgenic lines(CK). Stored at 4℃for 105d, the reducing sugar content of“Anti-AcInv更多还原