【作者】 红梅；

【导师】 乌兰图雅；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 人作为生产者和消费者,在一定生产水平上,能够刺激消费,促进经济快速发展。但是如果人口增长数量和分布不能与资源环境相协调,超出环境自我恢复的限度,就会导致环境退化,制约社会经济协调发展。现代科尔沁地区位于我国北方农牧交错带的中东部,是环境变化的敏感区和典型地带。近百年来,科尔沁地区由于人口的快速增长,出现了土地退化和沙漠化加速的现象,所以研究科尔沁地区人口变化,对这一地区的可持续发展有重要意义。本文以科尔沁地区为例,研究当地人口变化及其所引起的环境效应,为协调人地关系创造前提,有利于科尔沁地区的生产发展和人民生活水平的提高。本文在地理研究中利用了很多档案资料和历史文献资料,通过分析近三百年来的数据资料和人口政策,找出人口变化的空间分布特征和时间序列特征。并结合科尔沁地区人口变化的历史背景,探讨了本地区人口变化的影响因素及人口变化所引起的环境效应。清初,科尔沁地区还处于地旷人稀的状况,康熙中叶起由于关内人多地少矛盾突出,加之连年不断的自然灾害,内地农民为了生存,开始向关外蒙地移民。这个时期因受清廷政策的影响,移民范围小、数量也有限。清末,由于废除了封禁政策,移民开始大规模进入科尔沁地区。到了民国时期已经有了一定规模的移民。新中国成立后,由于几次大的移民拓荒人口迅速增长,远远超出自然环境所能承受的限度。人口急剧增长和大规模过度开垦草原,使科尔沁地区的农耕北界不断北移和东扩,促使科尔沁地区的土地利用发生更多还原

【Abstract】 As the producer and consumer, people will stimulate consume and advance the rapid development of the economy. But if the quantity of population growth and distribution could not coordinate with the resources and environment and go beyond the limit of its self-resuming, the environment will degraded and restrict the coordinated development of the society and economy. This article taking Horqin as an example, studied the population changes and environment effect of it. This not only provides prerequisite for coordinating the relation between people and land, but also is beneficial to the improvement of production and living standard in Horqin. Today’s Horqin Sands locates in the middle east of the north in China, which are our agricultural and pastoral areas. It’s the sensitizing region and typical area of environmental changes. Due to the rapid population growth in the past century, Horqin have emerging the phenomenon of land degradation and desertification. So, research on the population changes in Horqin has important meaning to this area’s sustainable development.This article cites a lot of dossier and historical documents during the geographical research. Through analyzing the data materials in Horqin and the population policy in recent 300 years, the author finds out the character of space distribution and time order of the population changes. Combing the background of the population change in Horqin, the author also talks about the reasons of the population change and the environment effect of it.In the early of Qing Dynasty, Horqin is still a vast area but sparsely更多还原