【作者】 袁伟；

【导师】 陈学好； 陈春宏；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 由于高温能耗给温室生产带来的巨大压力,从20世纪90年代开始,世界温室蔬菜均开始采用亚适(低)温(sub-optimal temperature regime)栽培新策略以节约能耗。同时由于环境因子和源、库器官的相对比率均可影响果实有效同化物供给量、果实生长速度和产量的大小。本文以现代温室栽培的主要蔬菜种类之一的黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为试验材料,通过在适温和亚低温下的栽培,并在亚低温下通过库源调节,测定黄瓜植株株高、叶面积、光合强度和叶绿素含量;根、茎、叶和果实的鲜重与干重以及产量;总干物质含量及各器官干物质率;果实中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖的百分含量,比较两种温度下和不同库源调节后的植株差异。所得主要结果和结论如下:Ⅰ黄瓜的叶面积、株高、茎和叶的干鲜重在适温和亚低温两种温度条件下的变化较为一致,都是亚低温的值低于适温;果实数目和果实干鲜重以戴多星、22-51和22-39等三个品种在128天时亚低温下明显高于适温。Ⅱ黄瓜总干物质含量和果实的干物质分配率在两种温度下,随着定植天数的推移,都呈上升的趋势,而根干物质分配率、茎干物质分配率和叶干物质分配率却呈下降的趋势。黄瓜总干物质含量和根干物质分配率在两种温度下均表现为差异不明显,茎的干物质分配率在亚低温下低于适温,而果实干物质分配率和果实产量在亚低温下高于适温,表现较好的品种为戴多星、22-51和22-39。Ⅲ从五个品种两种温度下可溶性总糖含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量和葡萄糖含量总的趋势来看,都在94天时达到了最大值,但94天后植株生长势开始出现衰退。可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量在亚低温下表现高于或与适温差异不明显,说明亚低温有利于黄瓜果实糖分的积累。Ⅳ不同留果量的试验表明,五个处理的果实个数和果实干物质率是随着留果数的减少而降低,但叶绿素含量、叶面积、株高、总干物质含量、叶干物质率、根干物质率和茎干物质率则逐渐上升。Ⅴ不同留叶量的试验表明,四个处理随着留叶量减少,叶面积、株高、总干物质含量、根和叶干物质率均呈下降趋势,而茎和果干物质率则呈上升趋势。Ⅵ在不同留果量的试验表明,各处理间总可溶性总糖含量差异不显著, 50℅留果量和20℅留果量处理蔗糖含量相对最小, 20℅留果量处理的果糖含量最高, 50℅留果量和20℅留果量处理的葡萄糖含量相对较低。说明当植株果实存在量较少时,对总糖含量影响不大,但对蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量有不同程度的影响。不同留叶量的试验中, 80℅留叶量处理可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量均最高。说明当植株保留80℅叶时,最有利于果实中各种糖的积累,此时的果实品质最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the tremendous energy pressure of optimal temperature in greenhouse’s production from the 1990s, the world vegetable’s production of greenhouse are introduced sub-low temperature (sub-optimal temperature regime) planting new strategy to save energy. In this paper, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), one of the main vegetables grown in the modern greenhouse was used as the experimental material. The test was given optimal and sub- low temperature regimes, and source-sink regulation was made under sub-low temperature. Changes in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, and on fresh and dry weight of root, stem, leaf and fruit and production, and on total dry matter accumulation and root, stem, leaf and fruit dry matter distribution rate, and on content of total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose and glucose of cucumber in greenhouse were investigated both in sub- low temperature and optimal temperature. The results showed as follows:ⅠPlant height, leaf area, dry and fresh weight of stem and leaf of cucumber were lower under sub- low temperature than that under optimal temperature. The number and fresh and dry weights of fruits of Dai Duoxin,22-51 and 22-39 at 128 d showed higher under sub-low temperature regime.ⅡTotal dry matter accumulation and root, stem, leaf and fruit dry matter distribution rate of cucumber under two temperature treatments increased with the planting days but root, stem, leaf and fruit dry matter distribution rate decreased. The difference of total dry matter accumulation and root dry matter distribution rate of cucumber weren’t evident. Dry stem matter distribution rate was lower under sub- low temperature. While the numbers and products of fruit were on the contrary.ⅢTotal sugar content, and sucrose, fructose and glucose content of the five varieties under two temperature treatments, reached to the highest at 94 d. Contents of total soluble sugar, and sucrose, fructose and glucose content were higher under sub- low temperature than that of optimal temperature treatment or had no significant differences under two temperature regimes. This suggested that cucumber grow normally under sub-low temperature.ⅣIn the test of remaining different fruit numbers with five treatments, fruit numbers and dry fruit matter partitioning rate ascended with the reduction of remaining fruits. However, chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, total sugar content, dry root matter distribution rate, dry stem matter distribution rate and leaf dry matter distribution rate of cucumber increased gradually.ⅤIn the test of remaining different leaf numbers with four treatments , leaf area, fruit numbers, total sugar content, dry leaf matter distribution rate and dry root matter distribution rate of cucumber ascended, but dry fruit matter distribution rate and dry stem matter distribution rate increased gradually with the reduction of remaining leaves.ⅥIn the test of remaining different fruit numbers of five treatments , the difference on content of total soluble sugar of five treatments was not obvious. The results showed that there was no significant effect of sub-low temperature on total sugar content but had some effects on sucrose, fructose and glucose content when there was less numbers of fruits remaining on plants. In the test of different leaf numbers, contents of various sugars measured were higher when 80℅ numbers of leaves remaining.更多还原