【作者】 顾芹芹；

【导师】 沈新平；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在江苏南通市国家优质双低油菜生产基地上,选择水稻和棉花两种主要的茬口,研究了不同P、K、Mg肥条件下该地区主栽油菜品种“扬油4号”各器官的干物重、籽粒产量、关键生育期植株N、P、K含量和积累量变化以及成熟期各器官N、P、K的分配等规律,以探讨油菜不同茬口的合理肥料运筹策略,主要结果如下:1、不同茬口对油菜生长具有明显的影响,油菜各时期的干物质积累量和单株产量均表现为棉茬高于稻茬,经济系数却是棉茬低于稻茬。增施P、K、Mg肥对两种茬口油菜干物重都具有促进作用,但各肥料的效应有差异,表现为P肥﹥K肥﹥Mg肥。两种茬口条件下油菜籽粒产量都随P、K肥用量的增加而逐渐提高,而随Mg肥用量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中以水稻茬口表现更为明显。说明过多施用Mg肥并不利于籽粒产量的形成。施P、K、Mg肥对单株籽粒产量的提高因茬口的不同而有差异,稻茬油菜增施肥料的增产效果都明显高于棉茬油菜。在不同茬口条件下,施肥技术原理应建立在稻茬油菜以提高其生物学产量、棉茬油菜以提高其经济系数为主攻方向的基础上。2、除稻茬油菜含K量呈现M型变化趋势外,稻茬油菜N、P含量以及棉茬油菜N、P、K含量均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。不同茬口、不同施肥条件下油菜各生育时期N、P、K总量均随着生育进程的推进而不断增加。不同肥料间对油菜各生育时期单株N、P含量和总量的作用均呈P肥﹥K肥﹥Mg肥,而对K素总量的作用呈K肥﹥P肥﹥Mg肥的趋势。两种茬口相比较,油菜各生育时期单株N、P、K总量均以棉茬油菜高于稻茬油菜。3、油菜成熟期N素、P素主要分布在籽粒中,茎枝其次,果壳中最少;K素则以茎枝中分布最多,果壳其次,籽粒最少。两种茬口间相比较,N素和K素在籽粒中的分配比例以稻茬油菜较高,而茎枝中以稻茬油菜较低;P素在各器官中的分配比例差异不显著。各种肥料处理对油菜成熟期N、P、K在各器官中的分配比例有一定影响,一般随着施肥量的增加,籽粒中N和P的分配比例呈逐渐下降的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trials were carried out in the production base of double-low rapeseed with high-quality in Nantong city, Jiangsu privince. The two main rotation systems (growing rapeseed after rice and growing rapeseed after cotton) were selected. The purpose of the research was to study the reasonable fertilization managements of rapeseed under different rotation systems through comparing the amount of dry matter of different organs, seed yield, the content and the amount of N, P and K in different growing stages, and NPK distribution of different organs at the maturing stage of Yangyou No.4 under the different P, K and Mg fertilizers application. The main results were as follows:1. Rotation systems had obvious effects on the growth of rapeseed. The amount of dry matter and the seed yield in different growing stages of rapeseed which growing after cotton were higher than that growing after rice, while the economic coefficient was opposite. Increasing P, K and Mg fertilizers application could increase the amount of dry matter of rapeseed under two rotation systems. Among the three fertilizers, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer was the largest and the magnesium fertilizer was the least. Increasing P, K fertilizers application also could increase the seed yield under two rotation systems, while the seed yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of Mg fertilizer application under two rotation systems, especially growing rapeseed after rice. So applying too much Mg fertilizer didn’t benefit the formation of seed yield. The effects of P, K and Mg fertilizers application on seed yield of rapeseed growing after rice was more than that after cotton. As a result, increasing the amount of dry matter of rapeseed growing after rice and increasing the economic coefficient of rapeseed growing after cotton were the basic fertilization strategy in improving the rapeseed yield in two rotation systems.2. The changing trend of N, P and K content under two rotation systems increased firstly and then decreased, except for K cotent of rapeseed growing after rice with‘M’type. The total amount of N, P and K under different growing stages all increased with the growth of rapeseed. The effects P, K and Mg fertilizers on the content and total amount of N and P under different growing stages were similar. Among the three fertilizers, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer was the largest and the magnesium fertilizer was the least. But for the total amount of K, the effect of potassium fertilizer was larger and the magnesium fertilizer was the least. The total amount of N, P and K under different growing stages of rapeseed growing after cotton was higher than that after rice.3. The distribution of N and P in different organs in the maturing stage distributed mainly in seeds, then in stem and branches, least in pod shells. But the distribution of K mainly distributed in stem and branches, then in pod shells, least in seeds. The proportion of N and K in seeds of rapeseed growing after rice was higher than that after cotton, while the proportion in stem and branches was lower. The proportion of P in both rotation systems had no significantly difference. Fertilizer application could change the proportion of N, P and K in different organs in the maturing stage. In general, the proportion of N and P in seeds decreased with the increasing of fertilizers application.更多还原